Armée Ougandaise [Ouganda]

Afrique du Sud , Nigeria , Djibouti, Angola , Érythrée , Kenya , Éthiopie, Ouganda ..
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Message par scorpion-rouge35 »

c'est des soldats ougandais de la mission de l'UA en somalie
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l'Ouganda va déployer des hélicoptères en Somalie

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Uganda's military, which forms the backbone of the African Union peacekeeping force in Somalia, has deployed an air force contingent to reinforce troops who hope to retake a city from al Qaeda-linked militants before the government's mandate expires.

A combined force in Somalia is planning an onslaught on Kismayu, Somalia's second biggest city which is a hub for the al Shabaab Islamist militants, before August 20.

Weakened by internal divisions and financial constraints, the rebels have surrendered territory in Mogadishu, central and southern Somalia where they are also battling Ethiopian forces as well as Kenyan soldiers now integrated into the African Union mission AMISOM, Reuters reports.

A U.S.-backed plan calls for Somalia to establish a legitimate government accepted by fractious clans and a new parliament and constituent assembly to replace institutions plagued by corruption and infighting.

The National Constituent Assembly, sitting in Mogadishu for the last week, approved a provisional constitution to replace an 8-year-old Transitional Federal Charter and lead to the end of the transition process on August 20, when the U.N.-backed government's mandate expires.

Lt. Moses Omayo, spokesman for the Uganda Airforce, told Reuters the contingent comprising transport and combat helicopters left Uganda for Somalia on Monday.

"Conditions keep changing in Somalia and we felt it was the right time to deploy an air component to support our ground troops," Omayo said.

"We have sent helicopters which will provide air cover for combat troops, escort convoys, conduct rescue missions and airdrop forces," he said.

Omayo said the helicopters would conduct operations only in areas in which troops that include those from Burundi and Djibouti are deployed.

The rebel group has waged a five-year campaign to topple Somalia's Western-backed government and impose its harsh interpretation of Islamic law.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton last week thanked President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda for helping in Somalia to fight the al Shabaab insurgents.
http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?o ... Itemid=107
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suite de l'info au dessus
Bad News un Mi-24 fait un atterrissage d'urgence, deux autres portés disparus au Kenya

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The injured captain of a Somalia-bound Ugandan attack helicopter lies next to the crash site at Mount Kenya, on Aug. 13. Uganda said on Monday the pilot and four crew of the helicopter that made an emergency landing in Kenya had been rescued but two other gunships and ten crew members were still missing in the same area.

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Uganda said on Monday the pilot and four crew of a Somalia-bound Ugandan attack helicopter that made an emergency landing in Kenya had been rescued but two other gunships and ten crew members were still missing in the same area.Ugandan troops form the backbone of the African Union (AU)force (AMISOM) fighting Islamist militants in Somalia. The air force said on August 7 that it was deploying transport and combat helicopters to Somalia to add muscle to the force.
The AU force, which includes Kenyan, Burundian and a handful of Djiboutian troops, is planning an offensive on Somalia's southern port city of Kismayu, a hub for the al Qaeda-aligned al Shabaab rebels.
Poor weather early on Monday hampered a search and rescue operation for the three Russian-built Mi-24 helicopter gunships that went down in the Mount Kenya region on Sunday while en route to reinforcing AU forces in Somalia.
Felix Kulayigye, a spokesman for the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF), said one pilot managed to send out a distress signal after making an emergency landing.
"The one who made an emergency landing has been traced. The pilot and crew have all been rescued. They are all safe," Kulayigye told reporters in the Ugandan capital, Kampala.
"We're yet to confirm the whereabouts of the other two (helicopters) with ten people on board. We have unconfirmed reports they made a hard landing."
Kulayigye said there has been no radio contact with the other two military aircraft since they went missing.
Kenyan and Ugandan officials have not spelled out whether the helicopters were forced down by stormy weather or suffered mechanical failure.
A fourth chopper, an Mi-17 troop carrier, landed on schedule in the eastern Kenyan town of Garissa, a major base for Kenya's military operations inside neighboring Somalia.
Earlier, Kenya's Department of Defense spokesman Bogita Ongeri said the rescue mission would be intensified once the bad weather cleared.
Al Shabaab struck the Ugandan capital Kampala in mid-2010 when suicide bombers killed more than 70 people who were watching the World Cup soccer final on television. The attack was in revenge for the presence of Ugandan troops in Somalia.
http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012 ... ount-kenya
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Message par scorpion-rouge35 »

il n'y a pas d'atterrissage forcé la c'est un crash l’hélico est en miette !

Somalie : Un hélicoptère ougandais sur quatre est arrivé à bon port


La semaine passée, l’Ouganda, qui est le principal pays contributeur de l’AMISOM, la force de l’Union africaine en Somalie, a annoncé l’envoi d’hélicoptères de transport et d’attaque pour les opérations menées contre les milices islamistes Shebabs, liées à al-Qaïda.

“Nous avons envoyé des hélicoptères qui fourniront une couverture aérienne au troupes au sol, qui escorteront les convois, mèneront des missions d’évacuation et pourront aussi dépêcher des renforts là où c’est nécessaire” avait ainsi expliqué le lieutenant Moses Omayo, le porte-parole des forces aériennes ougandaises.

Ainsi, quatre appareils – 1 Mi-17 de transport et 3 Mi-24 d’attaque, tous de conception soviétique – ont décollé de Soroti, en Ouganda, le 12 août à destination, dans un premier temps, de Garissa, dans l’est du Kenya.

Si le Mi-17 est bien arrivé, cela n’a pas été le cas pour les trois Mi-24. L’un d’eux, dont l’équipage a pu envoyer un appel de détresse, a fait un atterrissage forcé. Il a pu être rapidement retrouvé et un seul des militaires sur les 7 qui se trouvaient à bord a été légèrement blessé.


En revanche, à cause des conditions météorologiques et de la nature du terrain, il a fallu environ 36 heures pour localiser les épaves des deux autres hélicoptères, tombés à deux endroits différents, selon le général Francis Ogola, commandant la base aérienne de Laïkipia.

Les 8 militaires qui se trouvaient à bord du second Mi-24 accidenté ont été retrouvés sains et saufs. En revanche, ceux du troisième ont eu moins de chance car leur hélicoptère était encore la proie des flammes quand il a été repéré. Au moins 2 de ses occupants ont été tués et l’on ignore si ce bilan sera définitif ou non.

Le Mil Mi-24 “Hind” est hélicoptère de combat qui, en plus d’avoir la capacité de débarquer 8 combattants, est armé d’un canon gatling à 4 fûts de 12,7 mm, de 4 paniers à roquettes et de 4 missiles anti-chars.

Les circonstances de ces accidents restent encore à déterminer. Cela étant, perdre 3 hélicoptères à la fois est extrêmement rare, pour ne pas dire étrange. Au total, et si l’on se référe au rapport “The Military Balance 2012″ de l’IISS, l’Ouganda a reçu 6 Mi-24 et seulement un seul était encore en état de vol il y a peu.
mais c'est quoi cette armée il y a de ça quelques mois ils ont cracher deux de leurs su-30mk2 flambant neuf :confused:
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scorpion-rouge35 a écrit :il n'y a pas d'atterrissage forcé la c'est un crash l’hélico est en miette !

wALLAH j'ai hésité à mettre "crash maitrisé" pour ne pas trop accabler les pilotes puis j'ai été plus gentil en disant atterrissage d'urgence, visiblement tu es plus direct que moi Scorpion-rouge35 :lol!:
mais c'est quoi cette armée il y a de ça quelques mois ils ont cracher deux de leurs su-30mk2 flambant neuf :confused:
J'ai vraiment l'impression que ce n'est qu'une bande de bricolos avec à leur disposition des joujous très chers comme jouets
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Interrogations sur le crash des Mi-24

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Last Sunday, three Ugandan military helicopters crashed on Mt. Kenya, leaving seven soldiers dead following a rigorous search and rescue mission that ended on Thursday. Saturday Monitor’s Barbara Among tries to find out the possible causes of the crash even after President Museveni instituted a probe team into the cause of the crash.
For six days, a regional force of Kenya and Uganda troops combed the slopes of Mount Kenya in search of bodies or survivors of the three MI-24 helicopters that crashed on Sunday, August 11. The four helicopters were en route to war-torn Somalia. Rescue teams on Thursday found the final wreckage of the third chopper; meaning that only one of the four helicopters that took off from Soroti Flying School on Sunday reached its destination.

Seven air force officers died in the crash, while 21 soldiers were rescued. The helicopters were headed for the last battlefield of Kismayo, the stronghold of the al-Shabaab insurgents.

The plan was for Uganda to provide air power while Kenya and Somalia forces attack on ground. Information indicates that the African Union had planned to attack the base next week. Analysts now say the loss of the three helicopters before they reached the battlefield is a huge setback, not only for Uganda, which has spent five years battling the insurgents but also the African Union plan to defeat the al-Shabaab.

Questions are now being asked at to what may have gone wrong.
Uganda has got a grimy record with helicopters. The most prominent being the 2005 helicopter crash that killed southern Sudan leader John Garang. Uganda has also been accused and condemned by both local and the international community of purchasing junk helicopters. The three ill-fated MI-24 helicopters were purchased in 2003 and the MI-17 in 1999. According to Strategic Intelligence News, most of the MI-24s were unserviceable, but later the government contracted Russian experts to refurbish them at Soroti Flying School. MI-24 planes are being used by more than 30 countries in military operations.

What went wrong?
So, what might have gone wrong in the case of the Sunday crash? Was it bad weather? The “Shaitan Arba” (Satan’s Chariot)” as the Afghan rebels called the MI-24 has been disadvantaged most by its limited deployment capabilities in terms of time of day and weather conditions.
Army spokesperson Felix Kulayigye told Daily Monitor on Tuesday that “We are aware that it was the weather that brought problems, nothing else!”

A report by the Russian pilots, who used the Mi-24 during the Afghan war, say inadequate on-board navigation systems and poor radar, limited the use of the helicopter in adverse weather and at night.
According to Russian battle reports, technical shortcomings of on-board radar and navigation forced the Russians to employ MI-24 helicopters mostly during the day and fair weather when visibility exceeded 1.5 kilometers and pilots could get a clear look at their targets. Col. Gen. Pavlov, the commander of Russian Army Aviation, says these rules meant that 95 per cent of days in February 1995 were listed as “non-flying days.”

The US Centennial of Flight Commission, points in documents that cockpit visibility for the early Hinds was extremely bad, forcing Mil to redesign the cockpit so both the pilot and WSO sat under individual bubble canopies.

This gave the Hind a prehistoric appearance. Over the next several years, more modifications were made, such as replacing the nose-mounted machine gun with a cannon and adding sensors. Still, by Western standards, the Hind has a poor set of navigation and electronics instruments.

The Americans narrate that during one incident in the early 1980s, an American AH-1G Cobra was flying along the East German border when a Hind was ordered to intercept it. The two helicopters played a game of chase along the border, with the US pilot constantly pulling into a sharp climb to force his faster opponent to overshoot him.

Eventually the Hind pilot pulled back too hard and his aircraft started to tumble. He pushed his aircraft into a dive in order to recover, with the intention of pulling back sharply before hitting the ground. When he pulled back hard on his stick, the main rotor blades struck the tail-boom of the Hind and the helicopter crashed, killing all aboard. This problem—the Hind’s tendency to damage itself catastrophically when the rotors hit the tail-boom—has long plagued the aircraft.

Was it high Altitude?
It was in Afghanistan, where the MI-24 became most notable. Much of Afghanistan is a mountainous desert, and the helicopter was the best means of putting troops into rebel Mujaheddin controlled areas. Hinds often rode shotgun to provide support or were later used to attack ground targets.
Given their successful operations in high altitude areas in Afghanistan, some aviation experts dispel the notion that the helicopters that were flying in sequence over Mt. Kenya could have crashed due to high altitude.

However while the planes fly up to an altitude of 5,000 meters, Mt. Kenya, Africa’s second highest mountain, stands at 5,199 meters above sea-level. This means that an Mi-24 pilot cannot fly over the mountain and would have to go round it, according to Kenya Aviation website. The website goes on to say the helicopter that arrived in Garissa, MI-17, can reportedly fly as high as 6,000 metres.

Unforgiving
According to Dwayne Allen Day, a senior programme officer for the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of National Academy of Sciences, the MI-24 is not easily maneuverable, making it a problem when flying at high speed close to the ground. “The Hind is a difficult and unforgiving helicopter to fly. Unless a pilot is very careful, he can cause it to fly out of control or cause the rotors to collide with the tail-boom,” writes Dwayne in the US Centennial of Flight Commission.

“Although the Hind is fast, it is not very maneuverable, and this is a problem when flying at high speed close to the ground. In addition, a fully loaded Hind cannot hover and has to make a rolling take off. The Hind’s performance suffered in the hot, thin air of Afghanistan,” he added.
According to Military Aviation experts, the helicopter has never been a complete success. It has rarely been used in the role for which it was intended, as a flying infantry fighting vehicle. They point that it is unnecessarily large and heavy for use as a gunship and has never possessed the tank-killing power of the US AH-64 Apache. Its biggest drawback is its lack of night vision and precision navigation equipment. And according to sources, the Ugandan team only had a hand-held mobile phone, which one of the pilots used to communicate to officials on the ground. They also did not have any night vision as they were expected to land in Somalia by 6:30pm.

Was it a case of inexperience pilots?
This, the Ugandan army rubbished right away. The pilots who perished in the crash were trained in Russia, US and South Africa. According to relatives and the army records, Capt. William Letti has been one of the most experienced pilots in the Ugandan Air Force and the best Uganda had in flying the MI-24. His flying experience spans to more than 25 years, while that of Lt. Patrick Nahamya is eight years.

According to State Minister for Defence Gen. Jeje Odongo, the pilots sent to execute the plan had previously successfully executed operations in northern Ugandan, Sudan and the DR Congo. “The crew underwent UN training and they all passed the competence tests,” Gen. Odongo told Daily Monitor.

Was it a technical problem?
On the airworthiness of the helicopter, the minister maintain that the UN experts as well as Russian and Uganda Air force engineers had separately cleared the helicopters for the battle after ascertaining their airworthiness, reducing the possibility of technical mid-air malfunction.
Kenya Aviation doubts that three aircrafts can develop technical faults at the same time and in the same locality.

“In aviation terms, the accident would be described as ‘Controlled Flight into Terrain,’ where an aircraft crashes into an obstacle while under the control of a pilot or autopilot,” it stated. Such accidents, Kenya Aviation said happen due to poor visibility or because of the pilot’s unfamiliarity with the terrain. Raised areas, such as Mt. Kenya, can be enveloped by clouds in a very short time, leaving a pilot disoriented.

So, was the crash a result of lack of good judgement? Although senior officials from Uganda and Kenya say the flight routes were well planned with clear arrangements for fueling the helicopters because they could not fly to the Somali capital, Mogadishu, directly, less is said about the communication.
Sources indicate that the team depended on a single mobile phone device of one of the pilots. Also questions are being raised on the effectiveness of Uganda’s radar system, which broke down five years ago.

The existing radar that has served for 10 year was only temporarily fixed in 2007, in preparation for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting but has since failed to work. The lack of effective radar, experts say, could have hampered proper reading of the weather.
A request made by the Meteorology Department for Shs7.9 million in 2010 to buy a modern unit is still pending.

If the planning team knew that the weather was a big component in the planning, what precaution did they take? And why was the route change to fly over Mt. Kenya, which is 5,019 metres above sea level, higher than the maximum attitude climb of an MI-24. Uganda and Kenyan military counterparts say in a press statement that the route was agreed upon and well planned.

Col. Kulayigye says there was proper planning and monitoring of the weather pattern but “weather on the mountain changes anytime and this was beyond our control.” On communication equipment, he said, “Aircrafts communicate with each other, air control and control tower but the weather changes any minute.”

The Kenya Wildlife Authority officials say the weather on Mt. Kenya changes quickly in the course of the day, and it can be a nightmare for those flying around the mountain. The biggest undoing perhaps could have been the decision to fly in a formation, like it is usually done in battles rather than disperse manner.
http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports ... index.html
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A terminé un contrat pour la fourniture de Su-30MK2 combattants en Ouganda
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[quote]"Rosoboronexport" et la société "Sukhoï" mise Air Uganda deux derniers combattants, en vertu du contrat, "- dit la source militaro-diplomatique.

Il a rappelé l'Ouganda a acheté à la Russie pour six polyvalent Su-30MK2 dans le contrat pour la fourniture d'armes à un total de 740 millions de dollars

Su-30MK2 - avion avec des capacités de combat à grande échelle contre des cibles terrestres et maritimes avec des armes de précision guidées et des missiles: des bombes guidées. Fighter équipé d'une avionique de pointe, de nouveaux systèmes de communication et de navigation, le contrôle du matériel et des actions de l'équipage.

Système ECM fournit la désignation d'objectif automatique introduit dans les bras d'un aéronef missiles anti-radar Kh-31P. Merci à l'installation de ravitaillement en vol ont été augmentés portée et la durée du vol.

Nouveau châssis a permis à l'aéronef de décoller avec le plein de carburant et des réservoirs de carburant charge de combat complet sur la charge externe. Combattant mise en page double peut effectivement l'utiliser pour former les équipages de nouvelles.

PS: - «et ils, pourquoi nouveaux combattants» Je crus d'abord Et puis googlé et trouvé qu'ils avaient de l'huile il ya quelques années trouvé, et bientôt découvert et la pénurie aiguë de la démocratie. Maintenant, il semble, a maintenant cheté./quote]
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Re: Armée Ougandaise

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Les traduction du russe à l'anglais sont beaucoup plus claire..... là c'est incompréhensible :!: :?: :?:
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SU-30 mka
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Uganda in Talks for More Su-30 Fighter Jets
Uganda is in talks with Russian state arms export company Rosoboronexport over an option purchase of six more Sukhoi Su-30 multirole fighter jets, the company's Deputy Director Alexander Mikheyev said on Friday at an arms exhibition in South Africa.

Uganda signed its first contract to buy six Su-30MK2 fighters this year, he said. "Now, we are talking about an option, the Ugandans expressed interest in buying another six aircraft of this type," he said.
http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20120921/176137837.html
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L'Ouganda négocie avec la Russie l'achat de 6 chasseurs Su-30 supplémentaires

L'Agence russe d'exportation d'armements (Rosoboronexport) mène des négociations avec l'Ouganda sur la livraison d'un lot de six chasseurs polyvalents Sukhoï S-30, a annoncé vendredi à RIA Novosti Alexandre Mikheïev, directeur général adjoint de l'agence.

"A l'heure actuelle, nous sommes en négociations, les Ougandais ont envisagé d'acheter un nouveau lot de six avions de ce type", a indiqué M.Mikheïev lors de l'exposition d'armements Africa Aerospace Defence (AAD) 2012 à Pretoria.

Et de rappeler que le premier contrat de livraison de Su-30MK2 en Ouganda avait été réalisé cette année.

Selon le directeur général adjoint de Rosoboronexport, l'Ouganda souhaite poursuivre la coopération avec le holding Sukhoï, qu'il s'agisse de créer un centre de maintenance pour ses appareils ou de conclure un nouveau contrat d'achat.

En avril 2010, les médias russes ont rapporté que Rosoboronexport avait conclu un contrat de livraison de six Su-30MK2 à l'Ouganda. Les deux premiers avions devaient être livrés en juin 2011, deux autres vers novembre 2011 et les deux derniers en 2012.

L'Ouganda a reçu un premier lot de Su-30 dans le cadre de ce contrat en juillet 2011, a annoncé à l'époque le Centre d'analyse du commerce mondial d'armes de Moscou. D'après le centre, le montant total du contrat est évalué à 744 millions de dollars.

http://fr.rian.ru/defense/20120921/196106835.html
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Re: Armée Ougandaise

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radio procedures, airmanship , and decision making in flight

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIUBVE1bUnI
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Re: Armée Ougandaise [Ouganda]

Message par tchpako »

More fighter jets arrive
Monday, 06 May 2013 07:26

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President Museveni has continued to pursue the air defence revolution that began in July 2011 with the acquisition of a fleet of Su-30 fighter jets.

The Observer has learnt that another fleet of Su-30 fighter jets were delivered in the country early this month.

“Fighter jet planes from Russia were recently delivered at the Entebbe military airbase,” an insider source told The Observer at the weekend.

The cost of the latest acquisition was not immediately established. In September 2012, a Russian news agency, Rianovosti, revealed that Uganda had begun negotiations with Russian state arms export company Rosoboronexport for a possible purchase of six more fighter jets, barely nine months after purchasing half a dozen aircraft from the same firm.

During an arms exhibition in South Africa, the company’s Deputy Director, Alexander Mikheyev, said Uganda had contacted them with a view of purchasing six more Sukhoi Su-30 multirole fighter jets.

“Uganda signed its first contract to buy six Su-30MK2 fighters this year, he said.” Now, we are talking about an option, the Ugandans expressed interest in buying another six aircraft of this type,” Rianovosti quoted Mikheyev as saying.

“The exhibition in the republic of South Africa is the largest one on the continent, and it plays an extremely important role in strengthening our positions in Africa. We have planned a very tight schedule of meetings at this exhibition on many issues concerning air defence, air, land and sea systems. And we expect it to be very fruitful,” said the deputy director general of Rosoboronexport.

Some of the weapons displayed at the exhibition for the air systems segment were the Mi-17 and Mi-35 type helicopters, MiG-29M/M2 and Su-30MK2 jets as well as the new Yak-130 combat trainer aircraft. Acting UPDF Spokesman Felix Kulayigye, however, told The Observer on Saturday that if indeed it was true the Russians made any aircraft deliveries, they were meant to complete orders for the first contract.

“I have no information about that, but in any case if those [jets] came; it is a completion of the old contract,” Col Kulayigye said. “They had only delivered two [fighter jets]. We were waiting for more deliveries.”

But that figure of two jets seems to be at variance with what Ugandans witnessed during the aerial display that peaked celebrations to mark the country’s 50th independence anniversary at Kololo last year. At least four fighter jets were scrambled. Earlier this year, Rosoboronexport also indicated that about 65 countries, including Uganda, had made orders for purchase of military equipment, which slightly exceeds $ 37bn.

In December 2012, President Museveni visited Russia, a visit many security sources believed was part of plans to seal the new fighter jet deal. Speaking in Moscow, Museveni told his counterpart Vladimir Putin that Uganda was working toward building its own arms industry. The president’s appointment of Brig Paul Lokech, a fast-rising army officer who helped pacify the volatile Mogadishu, as military attaché to Uganda’s embassy in Moscow, seemed, experts say, to underpin the importance of his new role as a linchpin between the country and its biggest arms supplier.

By July 2011, reports claimed that Russia had completed delivering the first batch of fighter jets in the country. Speaking about what they believe is the latest transaction; military sources claim the delivery was a closely-guarded secret after authorities in Kampala were angered when the Russian state news agency blew the lid on the first transaction.

In March 2011, Russian media houses reported that state-owned arms exporter Rosoboronexport signed two contracts worth $1.2bn for the delivery of six fighters to Uganda and another 16 to Algeria. The deal raised controversy after government raided the Bank of Uganda reserves for $740m (Shs 1.7 trillion) without Parliament’s approval to purchase the aircraft.

The purchase was followed by arguably the worst economic crisis to hit Uganda in the last quarter a century, characterized by galloping inflation and drastic depreciation of the Uganda shilling. Critics questioned the wisdom of the jets at a time of a global financial squeeze. It emerged last week that the ministry of Health budget next financial year would be slashed by up to Shs 300 billion, with the money likely to go to Defence.
Regional tensions

The latest scramble for fighter jets has thrown the volatile Great Lakes region into the throes of an arms race where Uganda has attempted to punch above its own weight. In April 2012, a global arms report showed that Uganda’s military spending had for the first time outstripped Kenya’s. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Sipri), Kampala spent $1.02bn— much more than Kenya’s $735m last year.

The report particularly cited Uganda’s acquisition of six SU-30MK Russian fighter jets to make it one of the most elite in East and Central Africa. Highly-placed sources revealed that the country was taking threats by the Khartoum regime seriously, as it had a superior firepower in the skies.

In March 2013, the Speaker of their National Assembly, Ahmed Ibrahim al-Tahir, in a thinly-veiled remark said Khartoum was working with the opposition in Uganda to overthrow president Museveni’s regime. ‘It’s these fears,’ sources say, that could have led to such a decision to buy more fighter jets.
Fact-file about fighter jets

The Su-30 fighter plane is a two-seater, multi-role fighter, capable of accomplishing many combat missions at significant distances from the home base in any weather conditions, both by day and night. The tasks range from air defence, air patrol and escort to ground attack, suppression of enemy air defences and maritime attack.

It has high manoeuvrability and unique take-off and landing characteristics, allowing for the aircraft to rapidly strip airspeed and perform on the spot somersault manoeuvres. The aircraft has a speed of 1,350km per hour at low altitude and is capable of performing a 4.5-hour combat mission within a range of 3,000km with a normal fuel reserve.

An in-flight refuelling system increases the flight duration up to 10 hours with a range of 5,200km.
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