Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

Venez discuter de l'actualité internationale (Politique, Economie, Société...etc)
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malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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:none: buget: 1 sur 9.......1 (civil/development) : 9 (militaire opression)
ou sommes ces 7,5 milliards?
Sommet interparlementaire sur le G5 Sahel : Vers la mise en œuvre d’un mécanisme parlementaire d’accompagnement du G5 Sahel
17 JUILLET 2018 PUBLIÉ DANS POLITIQUE

G5 SAHEL NIGERNiamey accueille depuis ce matin, un sommet interparlementaire sur le G5 Sahel couplé à une visite du président du Parlement européen, M. Antonio Tajani. Prennent part à ce sommet, les présidents des parlements des pays membres du G5 Sahel à savoir le Burkina Faso, le Mali, la Mauritanie et le Tchad, ainsi qu’une délégation de l’Assemblée nationale française. Il s’agit pour les hôtes du président de l’Assemblée nationale, SE. Ousseini Tinni de réfléchir, au cours de leurs travaux, sur les mécanismes d’accompagnement parlementaire du G5 Sahel.

A cette occasion, le président de l’Assemblée nationale de Mauritanie, le Vice-président du parlement burkinabè, et le président du groupe d’amitié France Niger à l’Assemblée nationale française sont arrivés hier après midi à Niamey. Les autres délégations parlementaires devraient arriver tard la nuit. Les travaux qui se déroulent au Palais des congrès de Niamey, comportent entre autres une rencontre au sommet des présidents des Assemblées nationales des pays membres du G5 Sahel et la délégation de l’Assemblée nationale française.

Au cours de cette rencontre, le député Jacques Maire, président du groupe d’amitié Française Niger, et chef de la délégation de l’Assemblée nationale française présentera un Résumé du projet de résolution. Il y aura ensuite les interventions des présidents des parlements des pays membres du G5 Sahel sur les thématiques Sécurité et lutte contre le terrorisme, problématique migratoire, Entreprises, Economie et Développement. S’en suivront ensuite des débats avant la lecture du Communiqué final du sommet.

Il faut noter ce sommet se tient au moment où le Président du parlement européen M. Antonio Tajani effectue une mission à Niamey. Durant son séjour M. Antonio Tajani s’entretiendra en tête à tête avec le président de l’Assemblée nationale SE. Ousseini Tinni et le Bureau de l’Assemblée nationale. L’UE est, comme on le sait, un partenaire dans le cadre du G5 Sahel.

Ces différentes sessions permettront aux premiers responsables des parlements de réfléchir sur l’apport de leurs institutions respectives dans la prise en charge des défis auxquels fait face la région de Sahel. Ces défis ont pour noms les menaces terroristes, la criminalité transfrontalière (trafics d’armes, de migrants et de drogues), mais aussi les changements climatiques, la croissance rapide de la population et l’instabilité qui en découle. Mais, il faut le dire, ces défis ne préoccupent pas seulement les pays du Sahel, ils préoccupent aussi les pays de l’Union Européenne. Et c’est d’ailleurs pour répondre aux multiples facteurs de cette instabilité, que l'Union européenne a adopté en 2011 une "Stratégie de sécurité et de développement au Sahel". Celle-ci constitue la première approche intégrée visant à faire converger différents programmes et instruments de politique extérieure vers des objectifs communs.

La présence à Niamey du président du Parlement européen s’inscrit donc dans cette dynamique de concertation et de coordination des interventions en vue de faire face aux défis communs au Sahel et à l’Union Européenne en particulier les menaces terroristes, les trafics de drogues, la migration irrégulière, etc.

Il faut noter que dans le sillage de cette Stratégie de l’UE, a vu le jour une autre initiative dénommée « Alliance pour le Sahel » qui regroupe la France, l’Allemagne, l’Union Européenne ainsi que plusieurs organisations comme le PNUD, la Banque mondiale. L'objectif est de créer les conditions d'un développement économique dans la région du Sahel. D'autres pays comme l'Italie, l'Espagne et le Royaume-Uni ont rejoint l'initiative, alors que d'autres comme les Pays-Bas et les Etats-Unis ont un statut d'observateurs. L’Alliance pour le Sahel a identifié quelque 500 projets de développement à financer dans les cinq Etats membres pour un montant global de 7,5 milliards de dollars principalement dans les secteurs de la santé, de l’éducation et de l’Agriculture.

Comme quoi, le G5 Sahel ne se limite pas uniquement à l’option militaire représentée par la Force conjointe, dans le combat contre le terrorisme, l’insécurité, la criminalité. Il vise aussi à promouvoir le développement à travers la lutte contre la pauvreté dans les pays, en particulier dans les zones en proie à la menace sécuritaire. Pour rappel, le budget de la Force conjointe du G5 Sahel est de l’ordre de 423 millions d’euros, sur lesquels, l’UE s’est engagée à débloquer 50 millions d’euros.

Le G5 Sahel a été créé le 16 février 2014 à Nouakchott et la convention actant sa création a vu le jour le 19 décembre 2014.

Siradji Sanda (onep) http://lesahel.org/index.php/component/ ... u-g5-sahel

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Le trafic de drogue, les mis en cause et l’État
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Publié le lundi 16 juillet 2018 | Le Courrier
Le
© Autre presse par DR
Le trafic de drogue, les mis en cause et l’État
Comment



Vraisemblablement, le Niger ne s’est jamais porté autant mal, gangrené de toutes parts par la mauvaise gouvernance. En plus d’avoir incarné un hold-up électoral et le pouvoir le plus laxiste qu’on ait jamais connu au Niger vis-à-vis des détournements de deniers publics, de la surfacturation abusive des marchés publics au profit d’entreprises étrangères, de la corruption, du passe-droit et de la rupture d’égalité des citoyens devant la loi, Mahamadou Issoufou est également le chef de l’État dont la gouvernance est pourrie par les crimes organisés : trafics de devises, d’armes et de drogue y ont trouvé, sinon grâce et bénédiction, du moins, une complaisance extraordinaire. Et le trafic d’armes et de drogue en particulier étant des plus rentables ¯ dixit Mohamed Bazoum, récemment dans l’émission «Grands dossiers » de la Voix du Sahel ¯ tous ceux qui se savent protégés et disposant d’un sauf-conduit s’y sont mis, transformant, en quelques années, le Niger en un vaste territoire dédié à la prospérité de l’économie criminelle et de ses tenants. Inutile de chercher à qui profite ce crime organisé dont les méfaits sur la société nigérienne sont immenses, pour ne pas dire destructeurs. Tandis que l’Etat s’appauvrit sous les coups de boutoir d’une pègre tolérée et protégée, des villas de haut standing et immeubles imposants poussent comme des champignons. Probablement par le truchement d’un blanchiment d’argent d’autant plus facile que le caractère informel de l’économie nationale facilite les choses.

Le trafic de drogue, d’une ampleur jamais égalée, se fait désormais, pratiquement au su et au vu de tout le monde. Les trafiquants multiplient les frasques à volonté, au grand dam de populations nigériennes désemparées et sans moyen de défense contre ces criminels puissants, car logés parfois au cœur du pouvoir d’État. Eh oui ! Conseillers par-ci, conseillers par-là, lorsqu’ils n’assument pas carrément des fonctions plus stratégiques, ils détiennent, pour le malheur du Niger et de son peuple, ressources et moyens d’action, acquis sur le dos de l’Etat dont les attributs sont de façon éhontée utilisés pour faciliter des transactions frauduleuses, lever ou contourner des barrières, convoyer de la drogue sans grands risques, voire, régler le compte à d’autres de même acabit.

La situation est très grave. Elle est si grave que le silence pesant qui entoure toutes ces affaires puantes laisse présager un grand orage. Pour le moment, les Nigériens n’ont que leurs yeux pour pleurer : pleurer de dépit d’entendre dire que l’on a réglé son compte avec l’autre en usant et en abusant de la force publique ; pleurer de dépit en sachant que ni Chérif Chebani, ni Abdaleem Altahir, deux terroristes extrêmement dangereux, n’ont pu réussir à faire la belle que grâce à de grandes complicités sur lesquelles le voile sera, un jour, levé. Car le Niger se relèvera de leurs fourberies
.
http://news.aniamey.com/h/86464.html

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Wagner in the C.A.R: who blesses the Russian mercenaries in Africa?
2018/08/29 – On 27 July 2018, three Russian journalists – Orkhan Dzhemal, Aleksandr Rastorguyev, and Kirill Radchenko – arrived in the Central African Republic. They were in country to film a documentary about the shadowy Russian private military firm the Wagner Group for the Information Control Center, an initiative bankrolled by Kremlin critic Mikhail Khodorkovskiy.

After unsuccessfully pursuing leads for the first few days of their trip, the team met up with a United Nations official on 30 July who promised them access to the Ndassima gold mine. The journalists hoped to come in contact with Wagner contractors at the mine, which is being developed by Lobaye Interest, a company owned by Russian businessman Yevgeniy Prigozhin, with the protection of Wagner personnel. En route, ten unidentified assailants ambushed the journalists’ vehicle. The attackers reportedly spoke Arabic rather than French or Sango, the two dominant languages of the C.A.R. They killed all three reporters after attempting to steal their equipment.

Reports of the Wagner Group’s activities in Syria and Ukraine have demonstrated that the PMC is used in lieu of formal Russian forces in both these theatres, though the Kremlin does not seem to have full control over its actions. The deaths of these three journalists and the spotlight on Wagner’s presence in the C.A.R indicates a broadening of the use of PMCs to fulfil different roles where Russia exerts economic and military influence.

Wagner officially classifies itself as a private military company (PMC) even though such entities are illegal in the Russian Federation. As a result, Wagner is registered in Argentina. The upper echelons of the Russian government remain divided on what role PMCs should play in Russia’s national security policy. President Vladimir Putin has stated that they are “a way of implementing national interests without the direct involvement of the state”. In 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitriy Rigozin proposed setting up PMCs with official state backing. However, in 2014 the Security Council shot down legislation proposed by the lawmaker Gennadiy Nosovko that would have legalized PMCs. Nosovko’s proposal was rejected because of pressure from the armed forces and security services, who believed that mercenaries would weaken their monopoly on violence.

Although Russian security services opposed the legalization of PMCs to prevent them from becoming too powerful, there is ample evidence that Russia’s military/intelligence apparatus relies on groups like Wagner to carry out deniable operations in Russia’s near abroad and beyond. Wagner’s founder, Dmitiry Utkin, maintains considerable connections to the Russian military given that he served as a commander in the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU), reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. Wagner has ties to the GRU and the Defense Ministry (MO). When Russia intervened in Syria in 2015, the GRU set aside a military compound in southern Russia to train Wagner mercenaries. The MO reportedly provides Wagner with everything from ammunition to food and even military airlifters to transfer its personnel in and out of Syria. It’s worth noting that the slain Russian journalists in the C.A.R. were denied access to a supposed Wagner training facility because they lacked MO credentials.

In both Ukraine and Syria, Wagner has performed offensive military operations that Russia would prefer not to use its own armed forces for. In Ukraine, Wagner fought on behalf of the Luhansk People’s Republic (LNR), a Russian-backed separatist entity in the Donbas. According to Ukrainian security forces, Wagner has been involved in leadership changes in the LNR. In Syria, Wagner contractors fulfilled a diverse number of combat roles. For instance, they served on the frontlines against anti-Assad insurgents while active duty Russian special operators (spetsnaz) functioned mostly as combat air controllers or trainers. Wagner personnel also operated tanks, artillery, rockets, anti-air (AA) systems, and occasionally coordinated airstrikes. Given that mercenary service is still illegal under the Russian Criminal Code, using groups like Wagner for combat operations in Syria and Ukraine meant that Moscow did not have to officially declare any casualties.

Wagner’s close ties to the MO and the group’s involvement in deniable military operations on Russia’s behalf has led to speculation that it is directly connected to the Kremlin. This, however, is inconsistent with what appears to be miscommunication between the Russian military and Wagner during the PMC’s most high-profile military confrontation to date. In Syria in early February Wagner mercenaries attacked American and Kurdish forces to seize an oil field for Yevgeniy Prigozhin, the same businessman who owns Lobaye Interest operating in C.A.R, after he had negotiated a deal with the Syrian government to allow his company, Evro Polis, access to oil seized from the Islamic State (IS). It appears that Wagner did not consult with the MO before the assault, and the Russian air force did not support the mercenaries when they came under fire.

The firefight in Syria and Wagner’s presence in the C.A.R indicates that Wagner is used for both government military operations and to provide security for privately-owned corporations. In the C.A.R Russian corporations – and the government – seek to acquire deposits of gold, diamonds, and uranium in the country. And the group is moving into other parts of Africa as well. In Sudan, Wagner mercenaries also protected gold, diamond, and uranium mines. According to Jamestown Foundation fellow Sergey Sukhankin, the contractors were in country to “hammer out beneficial conditions for the Russian companies.” The mercenaries provided training for armed forces and national police in other countries that lack a significant Russian military or intelligence presence, including Libya and Sudan.

Wagner mercenaries serve both private and government interests in hazardous environments abroad. These interests are closely intertwined, and it is clear the group has at least the tacit blessing of the Kremlin. “We can assume the Kremlin gave the green light to Wagner’s activities in the CAR when the leadership of the country was visiting Russia (in May this year),” said defense analyst Pavel Felgenhauer. “Without the approval of the Kremlin, Wagner would not be there.” The mercenaries are allowed to carry out their own activities so long as they recognize that the state has the ultimate monopoly on violence. From Syria to Ukraine to the African continent, the Wagner group fulfils different functions depending on Russian objectives. It’s unlikely the PMCs illegal status will prevent it from playing a pivotal role in Russian foreign policy any time soon.

BMB Russia /Sahel-Elite https://httpsahel-elite.com/2018/08/29/ ... in-africa/

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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3 Russian Journalists Killed in Central African Republic
By Ivan Nechepurenko
July 31, 2018

MOSCOW — Three Russian journalists investigating the activities of a private security company with murky Kremlin connections have been killed in the Central African Republic, the Russian authorities said Tuesday.

The Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the three Russians had been identified by their ID cards as Orkhan Dzhemal, Aleksandr Rastorguev and Kirill Radchenko. Russian investigators said they had opened a criminal case to look into the deaths.

The journalists were making a documentary about the mysterious activities of a group of paramilitary mercenaries in the Central African Republic, which is undergoing brutal sectarian strife.

There was no indication that the killings were connected with the documentary project. The assailants were not identified.

Henri Depele, the mayor of the town of Sibut, the capital of Kémo, a prefecture in the Central African Republic, told the Reuters news agency that the journalists were killed in an ambush in the region on Monday night.

The journalists’ driver, who survived the attack, told Mr. Depele that he and his passengers were attacked about 14 miles away from Sibut.

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“Armed men emerged from the bush and opened fire on the vehicle,” Mr. Depele said. “The three journalists died instantly.”

The security company the journalists were looking into, known as the Wagner Group, has reportedly been employed by the Kremlin to carry out secret military tasks in eastern Ukraine and Syria, where it has been protecting oil fields and other facilities.

The group’s relationship with the Kremlin is murky and unconfirmed, but its leaders have reportedly received awards from the Kremlin, and its mercenaries were trained at the Russian Defense Ministry’s facilities.

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The journalists were in the Central African Republic on an assignment for the Investigation Control Center, a Russian online news organization financed by Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, an oil tycoon who now lives in exile.

Anastasia Gorshkova, deputy editor of the media outlet, told the Russian Dozhd news network that on Sunday the journalists had tried to enter an estate where members of the security company reportedly stayed, but they were told that they needed accreditation from the country’s Defense Ministry.

On Monday, the journalists planned to meet with a local contact in the town of Bambari, 235 miles away from the country’s capital, Bangui, Ms. Gorshkova said. The road to Bambari runs trough Sibut.

In March, the Russian Foreign Ministry said that at the request of the Central African Republic’s president, Moscow had decided to provide the country with “free military technical assistance.” Russia sent five military instructors and 170 advisers to train members of the country’s military, the ministry said in a statement.

Mr. Dzhemal, 51, was a leading Russian military correspondent. He covered conflicts across the world and was seriously injured in Libya in 2011. In 2008, he published a book, a firsthand account of the five-day Russia-Georgia war.

Mr. Rastorguev, 47, was one of the most prominent Russian documentary filmmakers of his generation. In 2013, he was among the three directors of an award-winning film about leaders of the Russian opposition.

Mr. Radchenko, 33, started his career as a projectionist, but had become a cameraman in recent years. In March, he served as an election observer in the Russian republic of Chechnya.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/31/worl ... ublic.html

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Niger // Uranium // Greve
Arlit : mouvement d’humeur des agents en cours à la Cominak
4 décembre 2018 DIM Actualités 0


Les travailleurs de la Cominak, filiale d’ORANO, ex-Areva bloquent le nouveau président de la BUMINE ORANO, le DG Cominak, le DG Imourarene, le DG Somaïr et les empêche de quitter la zone industrielle. Il devraient prendre leur vol sur Niamey à 16 h 30 mn.
Après des dures négociations, les frondeurs ont laissé le Bumine et le staff Somaïr partir. Actuellement ils sont sur une table de négociation avec la direction locale.
Les agents demandent le départ de leur GRH sans condition. Nous y reviendrons !https://airinfoagadez.com/2018/12/04/ar ... a-cominak/

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Conditions improving for American return to Libya: US Marine commander
Sun Dec 16, 2018 02:46AM [Updated: Sun Dec 16, 2018 03:00AM ]
HomeUSMilitary
US Marines Colonel Adam L. Chalkley, commanding officer of Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Crisis Response-Africa offering remarks during a transfer of authority ceremony for SPMAGTF-CR-AF at Morón Air Base, Spain, March 21, 2018. (File photo)
US Marines Colonel Adam L. Chalkley, commanding officer of Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Crisis Response-Africa offering remarks during a transfer of authority ceremony for SPMAGTF-CR-AF at Morón Air Base, Spain, March 21, 2018. (File photo)
A US military commander has declared that conditions are improving on the ground in Libya for the return of an American diplomatic post in the country, six years after the US envoy was killed there in an attack on the Benghazi consulate.

"There were indications that ... recent improvements in the landscape and the operating environment of Libya were suggestive that a reintroduction a diplomatic mission was on the near horizon," Commander of Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force-Crisis Response Africa, Col. Adam Chalkley, stated on Friday as quoted in the US-based military.com news website.

According to the report, the taskforce was established as a result of the September 11, 2012 attack on the Benghazi diplomatic post that killed US Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans.


File photo of the aftermath of an attack on US consulate in Benghazi, Libya on September 11, 2012.
Chalkley further asserted during a presentation at the Virginia-based Potomac Institute for Policy Studies that he spent much of his time on a recent six-month deployment in the war-torn North African nation helping to ensure there would be no repeat of the deadly attack that also burnt down the US consulate.

"State Department was putting a lot of effort into building that out and doing key leader engagements that would enable [this] from a national interest perspective, so that really dominated what we were doing,” he said.

"There is obviously a large desire to return to a US diplomatic presence," Chalkley further underlined, pointing out that conditions looked favorable for a time and then declined. "But there is still engagement; there are still things happening on a diplomatic front and building diplomatic ties."

The crisis-response task force deployed in March and spent seven months operating out of Morón Air Base in Spain and Sigonella Naval Air Station in Italy.

"I had three KC-130s, six MV-22s and a reinforced infantry company," Chalkley added, describing his force of approximately 850 US Marines and sailors.



File photo of US forces in Africa (Photo by AFP)
He further explained: "It's not just our team going in and being the sole responders. Special operations forces and other elements arrayed across the continent ... they are able to do the things they do because they know that we are there to backstop them.

According to the Marine commander, "We are there to facilitate and ensure that they are able to do their very discreet, very important missions in a manner that, again, helps serve as a deterrent, helps uncover potential threats [and] puts pressure on those organizations that serve as threats."

Chalkley further expressed confidence about not allowing another threat against US facilities to go unnoticed, saying: "The reason those things aren't happening is because people know that we are there and ready to come in. There is an absolute recognition that operations and forces postured on the periphery, able to respond is a great deterrent for people behaving badly."

His task force, the report added, worked directly for US Marine Forces Europe and Africa but spent considerable time working at the State Department and Special Operations Command Forward (SOF) - North and West Africa.

"In many ways, our tie with SOF and our tie with Department of State efforts to reintroduce a diplomatic mission into Libya really dominated the entirety of our time,” Chalkley emphasized.

He further clarified that the unit's primary mission was to provide limited crisis and contingency response, conduct operations to safeguard American citizens, facilities and interests in theater.

The development came nearly two weeks after scores of Libyans waged a protest rally against a new US airstrike on a desert area in the country’s southwestern town of Uwaynat, near the Algerian border, insisting the strike targeted and killed civilians.


PressTV-Libyans protest US airstrike over ‘death of civilians’
Scores of Libyans protest against a new US airstrike on a desert area in the country’s southwestern town of Uwaynat
The rally was staged by members of the ethnic Tuareg tribe living in the area pounded by US forces.

They demanded that the Tripoli-based government launch a probe into the deadly attack.


The divided North African country still struggles to restore stability seven years after a popular uprising that toppled and killed Libya’s long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi following heavy bombardment of government positions by NATO.

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Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Greece seizes drugs-laden freighter en route to Libya
Libyan Express + Agencies |Saturday 15 December 2018Print

The ship is in Greek authorities’ custody (Photo: Reuters)

Greece has seized drugs worth more than 100 million euros ($113 million) after intercepting a Syrian ship sailing for Libya, the coast guard said on Friday.

Officials found about six tonnes of processed cannabis and 3 million super-strength “Captagon” amphetamine pills hidden aboard the Syrian-flagged “Noka”, it said in a statement.

The freighter, with a crew of 11, was en route from the Syrian port of Latakia to Benghazi when it was intercepted by Greek authorities off the southeastern coast of Crete on Dec. 5.

The Noka was escorted to Heraklion port on the Greek island on Dec. 8, where the authorities unloaded its entire cargo.

The drugs were found under false floors in eight containers, hidden between layers of coffee, spices and wood shavings.

Syria became a major amphetamines exporter and consumer as the trauma of the country’s civil war fueled demand and the breakdown in order created opportunity for producers. https://www.libyanexpress.com/greece-se ... -to-libya/

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malikos a écrit :
16 décembre 2018, 10:24
Greece seizes drugs-laden freighter en route to Libya
Libyan Express + Agencies |Saturday 15 December 2018Print

The ship is in Greek authorities’ custody (Photo: Reuters)

Greece has seized drugs worth more than 100 million euros ($113 million) after intercepting a Syrian ship sailing for Libya, the coast guard said on Friday.

Officials found about six tonnes of processed cannabis and 3 million super-strength “Captagon” amphetamine pills hidden aboard the Syrian-flagged “Noka”, it said in a statement.

The freighter, with a crew of 11, was en route from the Syrian port of Latakia to Benghazi when it was intercepted by Greek authorities off the southeastern coast of Crete on Dec. 5.

The Noka was escorted to Heraklion port on the Greek island on Dec. 8, where the authorities unloaded its entire cargo.

The drugs were found under false floors in eight containers, hidden between layers of coffee, spices and wood shavings.

Syria became a major amphetamines exporter and consumer as the trauma of the country’s civil war fueled demand and the breakdown in order created opportunity for producers. https://www.libyanexpress.com/greece-se ... -to-libya/
Tout cela va défoncer les cannibales qui vont égorger les innocents

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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How Nigeria's Military Distorted the Truth About a Massacre - Video

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Allocution de l’Ambassadeur Smaïl Chergui à la 12eme réunion annuelle des représentants des points focaux du Centre africain d’étude et de recherche sur le terrorisme (CAERT)
Last Updated on Wednesday 19 December 2018

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Excellence, Monsieur le Représentant du Ministre des Affaires Étrangères de la République Algérienne démocratique et populaire,

Excellence Monsieur le Doyen des Ambassadeurs de l’Union africaine en République Algérienne démocratique,

Excellence Monsieur l’Ambassadeur du Royaume d’Espagne auprès de la République Algérienne démocratique,

Excellence Monsieur le Représentant Spécial pour la Coopération sur la lutte contre le terrorisme et Directeur du CAERT,

Excellences, Mesdames et Messieurs les Membres du Corps Diplomatique à Alger,

Distingués invités et Représentants d’institutions et d’organisations partenaires,

Chers Représentants des Points focaux des Etats membres de l’UA auprès du CAERT,

Mesdames et Messieurs,

Au nom du Président de la Commission de l’Union Africaine et en mon nom propre, je vous souhaite la bienvenue et vous remercie de votre présence à la cérémonie d’ouverture de la 12eme réunion des Points focaux du Centre africain d’étude et de recherche sur le terrorisme.

Le Président Moussa Faki m’a demandé de réitérer les remerciements de l’Union au Gouvernement et au peuple algériens pour la constance de leur attachement aux Principes de l'Union africaine, leur exemplarité dans la lutte contre le terrorisme sur le continent africain et leur appui jamais démenti au CAERT. La reconnaissance de l’Afrique de cet engagement s’est traduite par la désignation de Son Excellence le Président Abdelaziz Bouteflika, par ses pairs, en tant que champion de l’Union africaine pour la lutte contre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme violent. Le choix porté sur l’Algérie pour accueillir le siège du Centre africain d’études et de recherche sur le terrorisme (CAERT) et celui d’AFRIPOL est un témoignage supplémentaire de cette reconnaissance du rôle passé et attendu de l’Algérie à cet effet.

Excellences, Mesdames et Messieurs,

Le terrorisme et l'extrémisme violent sont devenus les menaces les plus graves et les plus pressantes pour la paix, la sécurité et le développement en Afrique et dans le monde. C’est dire l’importance de vos échanges et délibérations ces deux prochaines journées en tant qu’experts venant de tous les États membres de l'Union africaine en présence de nos partenaires sur le thème du terrorisme et de l'extrémisme violent et sur les voies et moyens de réduire et annihiler cette menace. Il y va de la dignité de nos citoyens et celle de toute l’humanité.

Le CAERT est le bras intellectuel et technique de l’Union africaine dans le renforcement des capacités de nos Etats membres à lutter de contre le terrorisme. Le CAERT mérite tout le soutien nécessaire pour lui permettre d’accomplir effectivement son mandat de Centre d’excellence. A travers, Monsieur l’Ambassadeur Fernando Moran Calvo-Sotelo, je souhaite également exprimer ma profonde gratitude au gouvernement du Royaume d’Espagne pour son soutien constant au CAERT qui lui a permis ainsi d’organiser, entre autres, les réunions des points focaux. Cette gratitude s’étend à tous nos partenaires pour leur précieux concours aux diverses activités du CAERT au bénéfice du renforcement des capacités de nos Etats membres.

Excellences, Mesdames et Messieurs

Les menaces du terrorisme et de l'extrémisme violent continuent de semer la mort, la destruction de l’outil économique et la mise à rude épreuve de nos valeurs de tolérance et du vivre ensemble.

Par-delà la prise de conscience de cette menace globale, dont aucun pays ni communauté n’est à l’abri, il est important de mettre en œuvre tous les instruments juridiques internationaux et régionaux pertinents. La plupart des États membres de l'Union africaine ont adopté leur législation antiterroriste, achevé leurs stratégies et plans d'action nationaux de prévention du terrorisme et de lutte contre l'extrémisme violent, ou sont en train de les développer, et mettent en place les structures requises.

L’architecture de l’Union africaine en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme est, comme vous le savez, assez élaborée, notamment la Convention d’Alger de 1999 sur la prévention et la lutte contre le terrorisme, son Protocole de 2004, le Plan d’action de 2002 de l’UA sur la prévention et la lutte contre le terrorisme, la « Loi-type de l’Union africaine sur le terrorisme » de 2011, et « Les Principes et directives sur les droits de l'homme et des peuples dans la lutte contre le terrorisme en Afrique » de 2015. Cela témoigne de la détermination de l’Union africaine à promouvoir la prévention et la lutte contre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme violent dans le respect de l’État de droit et des droits de l’homme.

Excellences, Distingués invités, Mesdames et Messieurs,

Bien que des efforts communs et concertés aient produit des réponses préventives et des contre-mesures efficaces pour venir à bout des menaces du terrorisme et de l'extrémisme violent en Afrique, les organisations terroristes et extrémistes violentes continuent de faire montre de résilience et d’adaptation aux mesures prises par nos Etats membres.

En dépit des succès remportés par l’AMISOM en Somalie, la Force Multinationale Mixte (FMM) dans le bassin du lac Tchad, la force conjointe contre la LRA, l’élimination du M23 a l’est de la RDC, les défis restent énormes au Sahel, en Libye, à l’est de la RDC, au Lac Tchad, au moment où la collusion des groupes terroristes avec les groupes criminels renforce leurs moyens financiers et techniques.



Excellences, Chers représentants des Points focaux, Mesdames et Messieurs,

Le thème de la réunion de cette année: « Promouvoir un équilibre entre la lutte contre le terrorisme et les droits de l’homme » est particulièrement judicieux. Il reconnaît, à juste titre, le caractère fondamental des droits de l'homme dans la lutte contre le terrorisme et le fait que les réponses aux actes de terrorisme et à l'extrémisme violent doivent nécessairement se conformer au respect de l’Etat de droit. Je me réjouis particulièrement du fait que ce soit le thème de votre réunion de cette année.

Face à l’idéologie prônée par l’internationale terroriste, il nous appartient d’abord de nous adresser aux griefs qui sapent la confiance entre le gouvernement et les citoyens et deviennent souvent des causes profondes ou des facteurs de causalité exploités par des groupes terroristes pour justifier leurs actions à recourir à l'extrémisme violent et au terrorisme. Il ne faut pas non plus oublier que les capacités économiques et financières des États Membres sont souvent limitées et ne parviennent pas à répondre aux attentes de leurs citoyens dans les délais attendus. Cette situation est susceptible d’entrainer une certaine désillusion, voire du désespoir et de la frustration, créant ainsi un environnement favorable à la propagation du message du terrorisme et, partant, la radicalisation des plus fragiles.

Le recours à des nouvelles techniques par les groupes terroristes pour frapper les esprits par la violence de leurs actes criminels ajoute aux défis de nos services de sécurité dans leur réponse aux actes terroristes, obligés de déployer dans l’urgence tout moyen susceptible de sauver des vies humaines.

Pour autant, l’impératif du respect des droits de l'homme doit prévaloir lors de toute réponse à ces défis. En effet, le respect des droits fondamentaux des personnes et des communautés demeure le facteur déterminant de la justice et de la bonne gouvernance dans le système international actuel, et cela s’applique naturellement à toute action ou initiative entreprise pour prévenir ou combattre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme violent. Les dispositions de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme, du Droit international des droits de l'homme, du Droit international humanitaire, le quatrième pilier de la Stratégie antiterroriste mondiale de l’ONU et du Plan d'action du Secrétaire général des Nations unies pour la prévention de l'extrémisme violent, lus ensemble, soulignent cette exigence fondamentale qui doit vous guider au quotidien.

Les « Principes et directives, de l’Union africaine, sur les droits de l’homme et des peuples dans la lutte contre le terrorisme en Afrique » de mai 2015, auxquels j’ai fait allusion plus haut, renforcent dans le contexte spécifique africain le caractère central du respect des droits de l’homme dans la lutte contre le terrorisme. Pour sa part, la « Charte africaine des valeurs et des principes de la décentralisation, de la gouvernance locale et du développement local » de 2014 préconise un système de bonne gouvernance visant à maintenir la confiance entre les gouvernements de nos États membres et leurs citoyens. Le respect de ces deux documents doit guider l’élaboration des réponses effectives, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit de remédier aux sources d’injustice et de frustration au sein des communautés locales, qui conduisent au radicalisme et à l'extrémisme violent. Je vous exhorte tous à être les ardents défenseurs de ces principes et instruments, de les faire connaitre et d’aider à leur mise en œuvre par les pays membres de l’Union africaine, en particulier la ratification et la mise en œuvre de la Charte et le respect des principes et des directives de 2015. Je voudrais également vous informer de la création, avec les Nations Unies, d’un groupe d’experts devant nous permettre de mettre en place les plus hauts standards en matière de respect des droits de l’Homme dans toutes nos opérations de maintien et d’imposition de la paix .

Mesdames et Messieurs,

Concrètement, pour vous nos experts, représentants des points focaux participant à cette réunion, je tiens à souligner quelques points qui doivent retenir votre attention. Votre participation aux réunions des points focaux doit être un élément essentiel de nos actions collectives, de leur coordination pour apporter une réponse appropriée aux activités criminelles et déstabilisantes que les organisations terroristes mènent sur le continent. En tant qu’experts du continent, nous continuons de nous fier à vos analyses et conseils et vos perspectives personnelles sur les droits de l'homme et la lutte contre le terrorisme sont dès lors essentielles pour adapter les processus de prise de décision en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme à l’impératif du respect des droits de l’Homme.

La Commission continuera à travailler avec les États membres, les partenaires et la communauté internationale afin de mobiliser un soutien en faveur à de nos efforts collectifs et promouvoir une réponse harmonieuse à ce défi à la fois complexe et global.

Nous n’avons pas d’autre choix que de mutualiser nos moyens et de renforcer ce partenariat pour préserver le droit à la vie.

Excellences, Mesdames et Messieurs,

Je vous remercie de votre aimable attention et vous souhaite de fructueuses délibérations et une bonne et heureuse année 2019

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zen
Arif (عريف)
Arif (عريف)
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Re: Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

Message par zen »

Coup d'etat en cours au gabon contre ali bongo dont l etat de santé serait degradé et qui est hospitalisé au maroc depuis un moment .



malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Re: Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

Message par malikos »

document sur la suppresion des tuareg au NIger...

Chronology for Tuareg in Niger
Publisher Minorities at Risk Project
Publication Date 2004
Cite as Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Tuareg in Niger, 2004, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/469f38c2104.html [accessed 8 June 2019]
Disclaimer This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
Date(s) Item
1946 Since the Tuareg chose to remain aloof from politics in 1946, their group interests were neglected. The overall picture is that of a society on the defensive and in a state of gradual decline.
Jul 1958 The Sawaba (Freedom) Party (also called the Union Nigerienne Democratique, UND) was established as the Niger section of the federalist Parti du Regroupment Africain (PRA). The Party represented the ruling parties in Dahomey (Benin), Niger, and Senegal.
1959 The Sawaba Party led by Djibo Bakary, was defeated by an alliance dominated by the Rassemblement Democratique Africain (RDA), or the Niger Progressive Party (NPP), led by Hamani Diori.
Dec 1959 The Sawaba Party was officially dissolved and its leader Bakary exiled to Guinea. Since then, Sawaba members continued their opposition activity from abroad.
Aug 3, 1960 The country (formerly part of the French West Africa Federation) became independent. The banning of the Sawaba Party in 1959 led Niger to a one-party state under the NPP.
1964 Sawaba elements were blamed for guerrilla actions near the Nigerian border. Seven people were subsequently publicly executed for terrorism.
1965 An unsuccessful attempt on Diori's life was followed by harsh repression.
1967 Although the initial Diori cabinet tended to favor the Djerma-Songhai, the public policy was redressed with an increase in the number of Hausa ministers by 1967.
1974 As a result of the prolonged drought of 1968-74, Diori was ousted by a military coup led by Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche.
Apr 1974 The Constitution was suspended following a military coup. A Supreme Military Council (CMS) assumed power under the leadership of Lt.-Col. Seyni Kountche. President Hamani Diori was kept in detention until April 1980. He was then held under house arrest until he being released under an amnesty declared on 14 April 1984. Djibo Bakary, leader of the Sawaba Party, was granted permission to return to Niger by the Military Council on condition of not engaging in any political activities. After the coup, political parties were banned. The president of the Supreme Military Council, Kountche, served as head of state.
Aug 2, 1975 There was a resurgence of political activity following Bakary's return. Bakary and Maj. Sani Saydou were arrested for "attempting to divide the people and to set up an ideological clique with the object of seizing power." They were not released from detention until April 1980. They were then kept under house arrest until 14 April 1984 when they were granted amnesty. The Kountche period coincided with a striking rise in Niger's economic fortunes. Uranium mining enabled the military government to launch ambitious development programs which, until 1981, succeeded in distracting attention from the absence of legal political activity.
1980 Relations between Niger and Libya were strained by Libya's accusation that the Niger government was persecuting the Tuareg population. The government also resented Libyan broadcasts, aimed at Niger, in the Hausa and Tamasheq languages. The tension between the two countries was exacerbated by the defection to Libya of 12 Niger civil servants of Tuareg origin. Libya has since been periodically charged with backing anti-government forces.
1983 President Kountche appointed Mamid Algabid, a Tuareg, as the new Prime Minister. He also announced limited elections.
May 29 - 30, 1985 A major Niger's dissident organization, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Niger (FPLN), led by Abdoulaye Diori, the son of ex-President Hamani Diori, was responsible for an armed attack at Tchin Taharaden by 14 Libyan-trained Tuareg tribesmen. The rebels attempted to seize arms and ammunition for use in further planned raids by the local Tuareg population. This attack was defeated by the government army. The FPLN had its headquarters in Libya. After the Tchin Taharaden incident, the government appointed Khamed Abdoulaye, a Tuareg from the Tchin Taharaden region, as Secretary of State.
1987 Seyni Kountche died after a year of ill-health and Brig. Ali Saibou, Army Chief of Staff and a cousin of Kountche, was appointed leader by the CMS. Still, effective power remained in the control of the military council and of a narrow elite, dominated by the Djerema ethnic group. Saibou promised continuity of Kountche's ideals and objectives, although he displayed a more flexible approach to government. Abdoulaye Diori returned from Libya.The ex-president Diori and the former Sawaba leader Bakary were received by Saibou, and an appeal was made to exiled Nigerians to return to the country. A general amnesty for all political prisoners was announced.
Mar 13, 1988 The Niger Movement of Revolutionary Committees (Mouncore) was formed by members of the former Revolutionary Movement for National Liberation (MRLN) with the objective of establishing a left wing civilian democracy following the pattern of Libya or of Burkina Faso under the late Thomas Sankara. According to the Agence France-Press (AFP) news agency, the Mouncore (most probably Tuaregs) launched its all-out struggle against the Niger government.
Aug 1988 The National Movement for a Development Society (MNSD) was formed as the single political party under Saibou. The 14-year ban on all political organizations was lifted.
May 1989 Saibou was named as the head of the Higher Council for National Orientation. The Council, which replaced the CMS, was composed of half-military and half-civilians and was the new supreme ruling body.
Sep 24, 1989 A new Constitution was adopted, thus continuing the nations move toward a "truly" democratic system of government.
Dec 10, 1989 Brig. Ali Saibou was confirmed as Head of State after presidential elections were held.
Dec 17, 1989 An amnesty was announced for Maj. Amadou Seydou and Lt. Aboudacar Mahamadou Marafa. Both were serving long sentences for plotting against the regime in 1983. The men were described as Niger's last remaining political prisoners.
Feb 9, 1990 In the capital Niamey, police opened fire on a demonstration by students protesting the implementation of a government austerity plan for the education system. The plan included cuts in scholarship and employment opportunities for graduates.
Feb 16, 1990 More than 5,000 people took part in a protest march to the Muslim cemetery where victims of the police action of the previous week were buried.
Mar 2, 1990 A major Cabinet reshuffle carried out by President Saibou involved the restoration of the post of Prime Minister, which had been abolished after the December 1989 election. Alios Mahamidou was named the new Prime Minister. Lt. Col. Tanja Mamadou replaced Amadou Madougou as Interior Minister. Madougou had been blamed for the Feb. 9 incident in which police opened fire on a demonstration in Niamey. Officially, three were killed, but other sources reported 14 killed. President Saibou described the police action as a "mistake," and set up an inquiry into the incident.
Apr 1 - May 31, 1990 A series of student demonstrations were accompanied by acts of looting which led to the deployment of security forces outside schools.
May 7, 1990 Tuaregs attacked Tchintabaradene, leaving 31 people dead, among them 25 of the attackers. Authorities said the attack was part of an inter-tribal war among local nomadic tribes who accused each other of having failed to join an anti-government opposition group set up in Libya. The government deployed young, inexperienced soldiers who lived around the capital to restore order.(5) When the soldiers were unable to find the suspects, they went on a rampage killing hundreds of Tuareg civilians. They made Tuareg men (for whom it is shaming to expose even their heads in public) stand naked during interrogation. The Communications Minister confessed, "the Tuareg were not treated in a particularly orthodox manner." The rebels were among more than 18,000 Tuareg nomads who returned to Niger this year after having been expelled from Algeria and Libya.
Jun 6, 1990 A clash between students and security forces occurred on the campus of Niamey University.
Jun 9, 1990 A call by students and trade unionists for a demonstration in the capital resulted in the police closure of the area around the National Assembly.
Jun 11 - 12, 1990 A two-day general strike was called by the Federation of Niger Trade Unions (USTN). It was in protest against austerity measures advocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and received widespread support. Despite being declared illegal, the union claimed support from 95% of its members. Some arrests were made.
Jun 14, 1990 Further USTN protests against the government were called-off after the release of 50 people arrested during the strike on the 11th and 12th.
Aug 1990 Both the Niger and Mali governments have tried, without success, to play down the troubled situation of the Tuareg. France has expressed concern about the Tuareg and the European Parliament fears their "extinction". Mali's President Moussa Traore said that the Mali army had "mastered" the situation, but on September 3rd and 4th, near Bouressa, Mali, Tuareg tribesmen killed 200 soldiers for the loss of 20 of their own. A week later, President Ali Saibou of Niger called on the Tuareg to lay down their arms. The Tuareg said they were preparing for a long guerrilla war. In Niamey (the capital of Niger) and Bamako (the capital of Mali), it was widely believed that the Tuareg were being manipulated by Libya. Libyan leader Moammar Qaddafi has long wanted to lead the Tuareg.(6)
Nov 1990 A multi-party system of government was approved. Political reforms that began in Niger brought with them an Islamic revival which ignited a heated debate over the relationship between state and religion.
Feb 15, 1991 Two new political parties, the Masses' Union for Democratic Action (UMAD-Aiki) and the Workers' Liberation Party (PLT), received certificates of registration from the Ministry of Interior. The total number of political parties in Niger rose to 11 since the multi-party system of government was approved.
Feb 27, 1991 Riots in Niamey provoked the government to close schools.
Mar 11, 1991 In line with promised reforms, 15 political parties received provisional recognition from the Interior Ministry. Tanja Mamadou was replaced by Abara Djika, as Interior Minister.
Mar 12 - 18, 1991 President Saibou was re-elected Chairman of the ruling National Movement for a Developing Society (MNSD) at the Movement's Congress, pending the outcome of a national conference in May to introduce political reforms. The congress called on the government to reopen schools and Niamey University.
May 25, 1991 More than 10,000 people marched in Niamey demanding fair treatment for the Tuareg. The march was organized by human rights groups and unions and was called to mark the anniversary of a massacre in Tchintabaraden in which they claimed the government killed hundreds of Tuareg.
Jul 12, 1991 President Saibou resigned as President of the ruling MNSD party to "place himself above all parties and to devote himself exclusively to his duties and responsibilities as President of the republic."
Jul 29, 1991 The National Conference (held between July and November 1991), drew about 1,200 delegates representing the government, political parties, professional and labor bodies and farming and nomadic communities. Two previous postponements of the conference were seen as a sign of government insincerity and were greeted by demonstrations in Niamey. On the second day of the Conference, a declaration of sovereignty by the majority of the delegates was followed by a walk-out by government delegates. The army had refused to attend from the beginning.
Aug 1991 Col. Toumba Boubacar, Army Chief-of-Staff, threatened a coup against the National Conference which he said was attempting to humiliate the army.
Aug 8, 1991 The National Conference suspended the constitution and cancelled Saibou's executive powers.
Sep 10, 1991 The National Conference voted to dissolve the government and to replace Boubacar and his deputy. Their replacements were Major Mazou Issa and Major Djibo Tahirou.
Sep 28, 1991 The National Conference established a High Court of Justice with power to try government officials, including Saibou. The Conference decided that Saibou would remain Head of State during the interim period of fifteen months until elections.
Oct 26, 1991 Amadou Cheiffou, a regional director of the International Civil Aviation Organization, was elected Prime Minister of the transitional government.
Nov 1991 The National Conference handed executive power over to Cheiffou. Legislative power during the transition was vested in a 15-member High Council of the Republic (HCR), which would ensure the implementation of decisions made by the National Conference. A conference organized to end the rebellions in Mali and Niger began in Mali. On the 27th, Tuareg rebels in Niger attacked a tourist convoy of 33 people in the Assamaka region.
Dec 1991 Seven Tuaregs were killed in two clashes with Niger troops. In recent months, the Niger government has taken a hard stance on the Tuareg situation denying the existence of a Tuareg political movement and insisting on referring to the Tuareg insurgents as bandits rather that rebels.
1992 The drawing up of a new constitution sparked a fierce debate between those who wanted Niger identified as an Islamic nation and those who demanded an explicit declaration of a secular state. A compromise identified Niger as a state not subject to any religion. Islamic groups could have no formal role in Niger's political life as the electoral law banned parties with a religious base.
Jan 5, 1992 Transitional Prime Minister Cheiffou called on the rebels in the North to disarm and use dialogue to resolve their grievances. He indicated a willingness to use military force to crush the rebellion in the North and rejected any partition of the country. The Ministry of the Interior ordered the indefinite closure of the Assamaka border post to foreign tourists from Algeria as of February 1, citing the need to secure the border against the infiltration of arms by Tuareg rebels.
Jan 7, 1992 The Tuareg replied to calls to disarm from Prime Minister Cheiffou with preconditions for negotiations. They required the return of the army to barracks and an independent inquiry into their issue, with international observers, as in Mali.
Jan 22, 1992 Niger closed its border with Algeria to prevent further Tuareg attacks following an incident in which a group of European tourists was attacked and robbed. The tourists were subsequently attacked by soldiers who had mistaken them for Tuaregs.
Mar 1, 1992 Mutinous soldiers seized control over a radio station and "arrested" Andre Salifou, the Chairman of the High Council of the Republic, and Mohammed Moussa, the Interior Minister. Moussa, a Tuareg, was attempting to reconcile the Tuaregs and the central government. The mutineers were led by Sergeant Hassane Ide. One of the first actions of the mutineers, was to free Captain Maliki Bouraima, the man responsible for the massacre of Tuaregs at Tchintabaraden in May 1990. The mutineers briefly took control of a television station and read their demands over the air. They demanded payment of their wages which were reportedly two months overdue. They also demanded the sacking of the second in command of the army, Commander Abou Mamane [BBC records identified him as being Major Djibo Tahirou]. It was believed that Mamane was chosen because he is of mixed Hausa-Tuareg heritage. Traditionally the army has been made up of Djeremas and Songhais.
May 12, 1992 Following a series of meetings between the government and the Liberation Front of Air and Azawad (FLAA), representing the Tuareg rebels, a joint communique was released committing both parties to the creation of a favorable climate for effective negotiations, beginning with a 15-day cease fire. It was also agreed that both Algeria and France would act as mediators.
Jun 27, 1992 Nine people were killed in the village of Insafarit, in the Tahoua district, when Tuareg herders failed to keep to a path leading across fields of young millet. At least three of the victims from the clash with the Hausa farmers were women. Hausa Farmers and Tuareg pastoralists regularly clash in Niger, which has no legal code regulating rural ownership rights.
Jul 14, 1992 Gado Boube, the Minister of Education and Research, was one of several people taken hostage by a group of 100 students who were protesting the lack of payment of scholarships and university registration procedures.
Jul 17, 1992 In Zinder, Muslim protests ended in violence after Friday prayers. Several thousand demonstrators attacked "indecently dressed" women, whom they claimed were responsible for the drought. Troops were deployed to disperse the protesters.
Aug 28 - 31, 1992 Lower ranking army officials raided Agadez, Arlit, and Tchirozerine, and arrested several people for allegedly being members or sympathizers of the FLAA. Mohammed Ewangai, leader of the FLAA, announced that the response was "clear and simple; it is war". The soldiers were taking orders from a de facto "Joint High Command" of members of the Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, and police. The Joint High Command was headed by a Capt. Baraje based in Agadez. On Aug. 28, the Interior Minister, Daouda Rabiou, verbally supported the actions on national television and the central government seemed powerless to do otherwise.
Sep 1, 1992 It was reported that those arrested in the August raids included the Minister of Commerce Transport and Tourism, Mohammed Moussa, a Tuareg, and two members of the Transitional National Legislature, the High Council of the Republic.
Sep 4, 1992 The powerful Federation of Niger Trade Unions (USTN) was reported to be supporting the soldiers' actions.
Sep 6, 1992 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) personnel were refused access to prisoners being held by soldiers. The soldiers also announced that those arrested included former Minister Khamed Abdoulaye, an aid to Prime Minster Cheiffou Amadou, and several other prominent figures.
Sep 7, 1992 The army announced that 186 people had been arrested in the unofficial crackdown.
Sep 14, 1992 The 80 year old chief of the first Tuareg clan, the Tlemces, in the Tchintabaradene district, was assassinated by five unidentified armed men on camels. A second victim, a blacksmith, was found nearby. Those living in the vicinity of the killing were seen fleeing toward Mali.
Sep 21, 1992 Tuaregs belonging to the FLAA kidnapped one soldier and beat several civilians. They told the civilians to tell the authorities that they would continue these acts if the army did not release those illegally detained from the unofficial army crackdown last month.
Sep 22, 1992 Soldiers rioted in Agades threatening to execute 110 Tuareg civilians if the rebels failed to free 40 police and army hostages within 48 hours. Officers restored order by Sept. 24.
Dec 26, 1992 A multi-party Constitution was adopted following a referendum that resulted in an 89% "yes" vote in favor of change. The new Constitution provided for a directly elected President before mid-February 1993 and an elected 83-member National Assembly before January 1993.
Jan 1, 1993 The Government released 81 suspected rebel Tuaregs in Ahadex for lack of sufficient evidence. A Tuareg commando killed nine people, including three members of the Republican Guard, in Abala.
Jan 31, 1993 A Ministerial portfolio to deal with the Tuareg rebellion was created. The post, Minister in Charge of the Rebellion and National Reconciliation, went to Albert Wright.
Feb 1993 The police in Zinder released a small number of detainees suspected of being rebels. Arabs of the Tessara region, allegedly supplied by government forces during the period of the transitional government, killed 13 Tuaregs at Intarik.
Feb 7, 1993 Tuareg rebels attacked three villages in the Tchintabaradene district, killing 30 civilians. The attack came a week after the creation of a Ministerial portfolio.
Feb 8, 1993 A government source announced that about 100 rebels in 10 Toyota vehicles attacked Azenak, killing 10 and wounding 2 civilians. Seydou Sabo, the chairman of a commission, set up to examine ways and means of solving the "rebellion" stated that Niger would like a truce but elections will continue with or without one. He added that the rebels should be honest with themselves and prove their good will in regards to some or all of the hostages they are still detaining [words indistinct]. Sabo also added that there was a second agreement concerning the rebels currently detained. The second agreement was that the judicial procedure under way must be speeded up, that is, documents relating to their trials should be processed quickly. Sabo also called on "fraternal and friendly" nations to stop supporting small groups in their efforts against democratization in Niger.
Feb 14, 1993 The first multiparty elections since independence were held for the National Assembly. The elections followed the adoption by referendum of a new Constitution in December 1992.
Feb 16, 1993 The Alliance of the Forces for Change (AFC) was created through the unification of nine political parties.
Feb 19, 1993 The Supreme Court announced that the AFC had obtained an absolute majority at the National Assembly election, obtaining 50 of the 83 seats. Election results were as follows: MNSD (National Movement for the Society of Development) Nasara, 29 seats; ii) CDS (Social Democratic Convention) Rahama, 22 seats; iii) PNDS (Niger's Party for Unity and Democracy) Tarayya, 12 seats; iv) ANDP (Niger Alliance for Democracy and Progress) Zaman Lahiva, 11 seats; v) PPN-RDA (Parti Progressiste Nigerien i section du Rassemblement Democratique Africain) 2 seats; vi) UPFP (Union Democratique des Forces Progressistes) Sawaba, 2 seats; vii) UPDP (Union des Patriotes Democrates et Progressistes) Shamuwa, 2 seats; viii) PSDN (Parti Social Democrate Nigerien) Alheri (phonetic) 1 seat; ix) UDPS (Union for Democracy and Social Progress) Amana, 1 seat.
Mar 1993 The presidential elections were held and Mahamane Ousmane, leader of the Social Democratic Convention (CDS)-part of the AFC-was elected. Adopting a similar strategy to that used to defeat the MNSD in the legislative election, the nine AFC parties encouraged their supporters to vote for Ousmane. Financial difficulties of the state became clear when public-sector workers (policemen, workers from the state owned broadcasting service, and civil servants) took industrial action in protest of non-payment of salaries. In early March the new Government, led by President Ousmane, reached a three-month truce with the major Tuareg group, the FLAA. The truce led to an exchange of all prisoners (release dates not indicated). The truce was extended in June, for three more months.(7)
Mar 14, 1993 Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye of the Niger Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP), part of the ruling AFC, was elected Speaker of the National Assembly.
Jun 2, 1993 The government and the FLAA renewed, for another three months, the truce reached in April.
Jun 11, 1993 The Algerian-based military command of the FLAA opposed the agreement concluded by the FLAA's political wing.
Jun 24, 1993 A newly formed Tuareg group, the Revolutionary Army of the Liberation of Northern Niger led by Attaher Abdulmumin, announced that it would not abide by the truce.
Jul 12, 1993 Soldiers in the town of Agadez, Maradi, Jahoua and Zinder, took regional officials hostage for several hours in protest against not receiving their salaries. President Mahamane Ousmane immediately condemned the actions as politically motivated.
Jul 18, 1993 A French news agency reported that Mano Dayak, and several other leading members of the rebel FLAA organization, had left the organization to form the Front for the Liberation of Tamoust (FAT). Dayak, spokesman and one of the FLAA's chief negotiators in talks with the government, was reportedly upset over Rissa Boula's (leader of the FLAA) reluctance to abandon the armed struggle. The new movement declared its support for the truce signed with the government in June.
Aug 1993 Broadcasts in Hausa and other widely spoken African languages by the BBC and Voice of America have broken the government broadcast monopoly in Niger. Under the Constitution, political parties may not be formed on the basis of religion, ethnicity, or region. A Tuareg raid left seven dead, four of whom were infants. The political goal of attacks such as this raid was reportedly to demonstrate the government's vulnerability and inability to protect citizens.
Sep 11, 1993 The government and the Tuareg splinter group, FLT (Tamoust Liberation Front), extended, for another three months, the truce that the FLAA signed with the government. The FLAA factionalized between June and September into several splinter groups. Between June and September, the truce was largely adhered to, although attacks made by splinter groups did occasionally occur. The number of reported attacks recently increased and the FAT organization had threatened renewed fighting in the north unless a negotiated settlement was reached.
Nov 11, 1993 Scheduled peace talks were postponed when mediators failed to persuade rival factions, the FLAA and the FAT, to join the meetings. The French have withdrawn as mediators, citing the deadlock created by the personal rivalry between the leaders of the two groups. In early November the FLAA and the Revolutionary Army of the Liberation of Northern Niger (ARLN) had announced the suspension of contacts with the government in protest against the governments failure to attend recent peace talks in Algiers. The FLT organization, on the other hand, retained contacts with the government.
Dec 1, 1993 Tuaregs attacked several vehicles in Tiguidit, injuring eight. They in turn accused the government of attacking an encampment at Talak on 15 December in which four men were allegedly tortured and killed by government forces.
Jan 9, 1994 Seven people were killed, including four Tuaregs, in a Tuareg attack on a village in Manzou district.
Jan 28, 1994 The Popular Front for the Liberation of the Sahara (FPLS) was established bringing the number of Tuareg groups to four. It was expected to work closely with the three existing groups, the FLAA, the FLT, and the ARLN.
Feb 16 - 17, 1994 The first round of talks between the government and Tuareg groups took place in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, aimed at ending the conflict that has left over 100 people dead since November 1991. They agreed to hold further talks.
Feb 23, 1994 The Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), a Tuareg rebel umbrella group incorporating the FPLS, the FLAA, and the FLT, issued a list of demands. The list included regional boundary changes, local autonomy, increased political and governmental participation, demilitarization of Tuareg areas, substantial economic investment in the area, and the teaching of the Tuareg language, Tamashek.
Mar 1994 The Agadez region of Niger has become a no-go area without military escort. The government reiterated that autonomy for the northern region of the country is out of the question.
May 1994 About 100 Tuaregs, mostly women and children, were turned back at the Burkina Faso border where they attempted to seek refuge from Tuareg-government clashes. Burkina Faso houses several thousand Tuareg refugees. Twenty Tuaregs were killed and six captured on the 20th May in two separate clashes with military patrols.
Jun 23, 1994 The government of Niger and Tuareg rebels tentatively agreed on "homogeneous" autonomous regions for the Tuaregs. The agreement, agreed to in principle only, called for the carving out of a new administrative map, taking account of "cultural and social homogeneity." The agreement also included a quota system guaranteeing Tuaregs a fair share of government jobs and military positions. The Tuaregs were represented by the CRA, which compromises all four Tuareg factions.
Jun 30, 1994 The Gandha Koy defence movement, comprising the Songhai ethnic group from northern Mali, recently formed to counter moves by the Tuareg in obtaining regional autonomy and better jobs, were believed to be behind a foiled abduction of four Tuaregs. The abduction was foiled when Malian troops engaged the kidnappers in a shoot-out, killing one Tuareg and one kidnapper.
Aug 12, 1994 Eleven Tuaregs and 3 soldiers were killed in clashes. The total number of people killed in the conflict since its beginning at the end of 1991 is 143 (63 Tuareg rebels, 33 security forces, and 47 civilians). Negotiations which seemed promising in June have since come to nothing.
Sep 26, 1994 Tuareg rebels claimed responsibility for a grenade attack that killed 6 and injured 35 in Agades in the North of Niger.
Oct 9, 1994 The Tuareg rebels and Niger government signed an agreement to end the conflict within six months. However, most of the details on ending the conflict were left for future negotiations.
Jan 1995 The ceasefire signed in October 1994 was extended.
Jan 14, 1995 Niger's opposition parties won a slim majority in the parliamentary election (43 seats to the president's bloc's 40). Political deadlock has gripped the country since 28 September 1994 when the party of then Prime Minister Mahamoudou Issoufou quit the governing coalition. He said political maneuvering had replaced real efforts to revive the economy and end the Tuareg rebellion. The defection left the government without a parliamentary majority, so President Mahamane Ousmane dissolved parliament on 17 October 1994, leaving the country unable to legislate.
Mar 27, 1995 Some 50 armed men attacked a company of government soldiers at Dirkou, northeast of Agadez. The Defense Ministry said 5 attackers were killed and 15 captured. The attack was believed to have come from the Democratic Front for Renewal which is a member of the CRA (Coordination of Armed Resistance), but is not an ethnic Tuareg group.
Apr 24, 1995 A peace agreement between the government and Tuareg rebels was signed, formally ending the conflict which began in November 1991. Talks leading to the agreement, mediated by Algeria, Burkina Faso, and France, began in March. The agreement, reached April 15 provides for a permanent ceasefire and an amnesty for fighters from both sides. It also includes a provision for disarming the Tuaregs and their incorporation into the security forces beginning July 1, as well as their reintegration into schools and the civil service. The agreement additionally provides for a law that would speed up decentralization so as to ensure adequate development for all regions of the country. The four-year conflict claimed 150 lives and has taken an economic toll on the state which is dependent upon uranium mined in the North.
May 25, 1995 A Special Peace Committee began meetings; it is responsible for seeing to the implementation of the peace accord signed in April.
Jun 13, 1995 Niger's Parliament voted in favor of a general amnesty for fighters on both sides of the Tuareg rebellion. Tuaregs criticize the inclusion of "self-defense" groups (Arab militias) in the amnesty.
Jul 2, 1995 At least 13 Tuaregs were killed in a clash with Arab vigilantes in Niger. It is the first such incident since the signing of the peace accord in April. Tuaregs were demanding disarming the vigilantes as a price of permanent peace.
Jul 27, 1995 The government reported that is had released all former members of the Tuareg rebel movement it had in custody. ORA coordinator Mohamed Abdoulmoumine expressed full satisfaction with the measure.
Aug 15, 1995 The Niger government said its efforts at economic reform had won the approval of the World Bank and IMF and it expected to sign an enhanced structural adjustment accord soon.
Sep 9, 1995 Tuareg rebel leaders threatened to resume armed struggle of the government does not meet its commitments under the peace accord. The accord provides for a cease-fire and the integration of Tuareg forces into the national army and security forces. The government also provided more regional autonomy and development for the North. Disarmament is scheduled to begin 1 October 1995. The government, however, is virtually bankrupt and there is a power struggle between the president and prime minister, so it is unlikely to be able to meet development plans for the North any time soon.
Oct 1995 Meetings taking place since 25 September have proved unsuccessful in uniting Tuareg factions. Divisions within the Tuareg remain, further complicating the peace initiatives. The army killed two civilians when they mistook them for common bandits. Bandits have been using the Tuareg rebellion as a cover for their robberies and killings. The army confirmed reports of clashes between government forces and Tuareg rebels in the northeast. These are the first reported clashes since the Peace Accord was signed in April.
Nov 1995 The government and Tuareg rebels reaffirm their commitment to peace after a clash in which one Tuareg was killed. Other sources confirmed dozens of deaths in the clash between government forces and members of the ORA around Tahoua. It was the most serious clash since the April Peace Accord was signed.
Jan 17, 1996 A prominent Tuareg rebel leader Mano Dahak was killed when his plane crashed. He was on his way to resume dialogue with government authorities.
Jan 27, 1996 A military coup took place in Niger; the new leaders said squabbling between government leaders was about to derail economic reforms and dash the hopes of ending the Tuareg-government conflict. The leader of the coup, Gen. Ibrahim Mainassara, later appointed an all civilian transitional government. One Tuareg, Attaher Abdoulmoumine, was appointed to the cabinet as Interior Minister. Tuaregs generally welcomed the coup because the previous government was unable to function due to squabbling between the president and the prime minister.
Feb 7, 1996 At least 12 were killed when ethnic Toubou rebels attacked a village and military base in northeast Niger.
Mar 8, 1996 Algeria, Niger and the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees signed an agreement in Niamey with a view to repatriating Tuareg refugees in Algeria.
Mar 18, 1996 The transitional government recognized the CRA. Authorities have taken note of the wish for peace expressed by this movement which brings together seven Tuareg factions.
Jul 7, 1996 Presidential elections took place. There were five candidates competing for the post, and Gen. Manissara claimed victory after he replaced the electoral commission with his own men. He also placed opposition leaders under house arrest and banned public gatherings until the election results were declared valid by the country's courts.
Sep 30, 1996 The leader of the ORA, Rissa Boula, said the group was no longer bound by the April 1995 peace treaty because of the lack of progress in implementing its terms.
Nov 1996 The Government organized a Constitutional Conference, held a referendum on a new Constitution, and conducted a seriously flawed presidential election, which was won by Mainassara. The recently held legislative elections were boycotted by the opposition. Progovernment parties and sympathizers claimed all 80 National Assembly seats.(Source: U.S. Department of State, February 1997)
Nov 13, 1996 The two main Tuareg rebel factions, the ORA and the CRA, were said to have broken up and a new organization, the Union of Forces of the Armed Resistance (UFRA), has emerged.
Dec 14, 1996 An agreement between Niger, Mali and the UNHCR was signed making provision for the return of 25,000 Malian Tuareg refugees living in Niger.
Dec 17, 1996 The government and some Tuareg group have signed an agreement providing for the return to barracks of former Tuareg fighters. This operation precedes the integration of the former rebels back into the regular army. To be allowed to return to barracks, fighters must be Niger nationals and members of one of twelve groups that signed the April 1995 peace accord. Disarmament will begin after the return to barracks. The ORA is not represented in this agreement.
Dec 29, 1996 A clash between security forces, including some Tuareg soldiers, and fighters of the Unified Movement of the Tuareg Resistance north of Agades left at least three dead and four injured. The northern region remains in a state of insecurity.
Jan 8, 1997 President Ibrahim Bare Mainassara met with Rissa Boula, leader of the ORA and they agreed to forge ahead with the peace process.
Jun 6, 1997 Former Tuareg rebels have surrounded the town of Agadez and are demanding the return of the three superior officials, including the mayor, of the region who were yesterday taken hostage by soldiers who accused them of taking sides with the rebels. The minister of defence, accompanied by some senior army officers, went to Agadez and obtained their release by the end of the day. Today, it is the turn of the former rebels to also carry out their mutiny. They surrounded the town of Agadez, saying they are not afraid of confrontation with the soldiers stationed in the town. They are accusing the government of Niger of not honoring the commitments made in the peace process two years ago.(Source: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 6/6/97)
Sep 16, 1997 A rocket attack on September 16 near Agadez, northern Niger, marked the re-opening of hostilities between the government and Toubou and Tuareg rebel forces.(Source: Africa News, 11/24/97)
Sep 26, 1997 A Tuareg source in Niger announced the creation of a coalition between the Union of Armed Resistance Forces [UFRA] and the Saharan Revolutionary Armed Forces [FARS]. The UFRA is a Tuareg organization while the FARS are composed of Tubu rebels. The two organizations have claimed responsibility for an attack on the Madam Military Base on the border with Libya. (Source: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 9/26/97)
Oct 15, 1997 As Tuareg dissidents have been multiplying their attacks in recent weeks denouncing the stalemate in the accords, government and former representatives of the rebellion have just taken stock of the situation to revive the implementation of the April 1995 Treaty. The first measure is the establishment of a new timetable for the last stages of the normalization. The ex- rebels encamped for several months in their base will be disarmed on 21st October, a month later than planned, and the encampment will end two days later. Then the most delicate phase - the integration of ex- rebel combatants within government structures-will commence.(Source: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10/15/97)
Oct 28, 1997 According to Niger's defence minister, Goukouni Oueddei has allied himself with a group of Niger Tuareg and Tubu rebels to create a state covering the north of Niger and regions of neighbouring countries. These accusations have been categorically denied by Goukouni Oueddei. Mohamed Ag Annacko, president of the Union of Armed Resistance Fronts - the Niger Tuareg rebellion - who has also been accused by Niamey, also denies any separatist designs. Source: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10/28/97)
Nov 13, 1997 Thousands of students and school children took to the streets of Niger's capital on November 13 to press demands for unpaid allowances as well as for more teachers and classroom space. Riot police were deployed in the town center and near the university, blocking the path of other students hoping to join the demonstration. They later stormed the campus, firing tear-gas grenades and beating up several students before withdrawing. The demonstrations came as teachers at Niger's only university in Niamey began a fourth week of strike action to protest their working and living conditions. The demonstrations and strikes also came amid reports that clashes between rebels and government troops in the east of the country had left up to 30 dead, according to the rebels, and three according to the army. The FDR withdrew from the peace process between the government and Tuareg rebels following last May's joint attack by Niger and Chadian troops on FDR positions in the Lake Chad region. (Source: Africa News, 11/24/97)
Nov 24, 1997 Niger's government collapsed following President Ibrahim Bare Mainassara's dissolution of the year-old administration of Prime Minister Cisse Amadou. Mainassara accused PM Amadou of doing nothing to solve the countries most pressing problems such as: Threat of famine brought on by a 152,000 tonne grain deficit, security problems (In the north, a rebellion by nomadic Tuaregs has re-surfaced, resulting in the killing of some 60 people during clashes with the army since September), classroom unrest (Students are waiting for 13-months of grant arrears), civil servants' pay problems (civil servants are owed six months' salary) and the actions of opposition parties. A new government is expected to be formed within a month, and former secretary general of the Organisation of the Islamic conference, Hamid Algabid, is a favorite for the post of prime minister.(Source: Africa News, 12/1/97)
Nov 25, 1997 Public schools were closed today due to a three-day strike by teachers while an ongoing pay dispute by lecturers has kept Niger's only university closed for more than a month. (Source: Africa News, 12/1/97)
Dec 2, 1997 There have been renewed clashes in Tahoua in northern Niger. A group of Tuareg rebels attacked some travellers, and security forces intervened. One Tuareg rebel died, another was wounded and a third rebel was taken prisoner in the clashes.(Source: BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12/2/97)
Jan 11, 1998 Six soldiers detained by the Tuareg rebels for 83 days have been released in the north of the country. They were released, and handed over to President Mainassara today, following the peace accord signed in Algiers at the end of last year. Meanwhile, opponents to Mainassara's rule staged a demonstration today in front of the parliament building. The march was attended by all the opposition leaders. The demonstrators called for the institution of real democracy in the country. (Source: BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 1/11/98)
Feb 21, 1998 A detachment of soldiers mutinied in Niger, and workers have gone on strike. (Source: BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 2/23/98)
Jun 8, 1998 The last group of Tuareg rebels in Niger has been disarmed. The combatants of the Union of Armed Resistance Fronts [UFRA] of Mohamed Ag Annacko yesterday handed over all their military equipment to the military authorities. (Source: BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 6/8/98)
Mar 10, 1999 Representatives of the 14 fronts of the former Tuareg rebel movement - Arabs and Toubous - signed a declaration that denounced the government's poor political disposition and laxity. The Tuareg declaration accused the government of delaying the reintegration process of former rebels into the Niger police forces, and security forces. The signatories to the declaration are asking for the deployment before 24th April of units of Sahel security forces, the desert police, which is mainly composed of former rebels. They are also asking for the immediate regularization of the status of their officers and non-commissioned officers in the army and the Gendarmerie, and the release of all people detained on rebellion charges.(Source: BBC Worldwide Monitoring, 3/24/99)
Apr 9, 1999 President Ibrahim Bare Mainassara was assassinated by members of the presidential guard commanded by the new military leader, Major Daouda Mallam Wanke. Wanke has pledged a nine-month transition to a return to civilian rule after general and presidential elections. Wanke replaced seven of Niger's regional military leaders. Among Wanke's new appointments is Mohamed Anako, a former leader of the Tuareg rebellion. Anako has been appointed minister and special adviser to the head of state. This appointment seems to have been aimed at appeasing the Tuareg community, which has complained about the slow progress of their integration into society promised in 1995 peace accords.(Source: Africa News, 4/21/99)

https://www.refworld.org/docid/469f38c2104.html

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Messages : 1488
Inscription : 01 avril 2012, 13:54

Re: Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

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Le Niger élu membre non permanent du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU
French.xinhuanet.com|Publié le 2019-06-08 à 11:46
Le Niger a été élu vendredi par la 88e Assemblée plénière de l’ONU à New York, membre non permanent du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies, pour une période de deux ans, a annoncé la télévision publique nigérienne à Niamey.

Le Niger a été plébiscité, au titre de la zone Afrique, par 191 voix sur 193 des Etats membres. Il siégera ainsi pour la deuxième fois au Conseil de sécurité après un premier mandat (1980-1981).


(Xinhua/Li Muzi)En plus des cinq membres permanents (France, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis, Russie et Chine), le Conseil de sécurité comprend également dix membres non permanents élus pour une période de deux ans par l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU, en tenant compte de la représentation géographique équitable.

« Notre accession au conseil de sécurité en qualité de membre non permanent permettra de consolider ses acquis et de faire avancer les préoccupations spécifiques à l’Afrique et au reste du monde, affecté par de situations défavorables à leur épanouissement économique et social comme les conflits », souligne le ministère nigérien des Affaires étrangères dans une note.

http://french.xinhuanet.com/afrique/201 ... 126364.htm

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Messages : 1488
Inscription : 01 avril 2012, 13:54

Re: Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

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A old (maybe around 2000) video from aiir, north of Agadez. Showing actually that the Tuareg controlled quite well the region, since the gentlemen making a fantastic tour (I admire him for that), is on his own.
...otherwise said, no need for drone basis, but for the need for tourism and local development and local empowerment.

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
Messages : 1488
Inscription : 01 avril 2012, 13:54

Re: Afrique : Actualité, Politique, Economie, Société, Photos

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Leaked documents reveal Russian effort to exert influence in Africa
Illustration: Guardian Design

Exclusive: Kremlin ally Yevgeny Prigozhin leading push to turn continent into strategic hub, documents show

by Luke Harding and Jason Burke

Tue 11 Jun 2019 12.30 BST Last modified on Tue 11 Jun 2019 13.01 BST
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Russia is seeking to bolster its presence in at least 13 countries across Africa by building relations with existing rulers, striking military deals, and grooming a new generation of “leaders” and undercover “agents”, leaked documents reveal.

The mission to increase Russian influence on the continent is being led by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a businessman based in St Petersburg who is a close ally of the Russian president, Vladimir Putin. One aim is to “strong-arm” the US and the former colonial powers the UK and France out of the region. Another is to see off “pro-western” uprisings, the documents say.

In 2018 the US special counsel Robert Mueller indicted Prigozhin, who is known as “Putin’s chef” because of his Kremlin catering contracts. According to Mueller, his troll factory ran an extensive social media campaign in 2016 to help elect Donald Trump. The Wagner group – a private military contractor linked to Prigozhin – has supplied mercenaries to fight in Ukraine and Syria.

The documents show the scale of Prigozhin-linked recent operations in Africa, and Moscow’s ambition to turn the region into a strategic hub. Multiple firms linked to the oligarch, including Wagner, are known by employees as the “Company”. Its activities are coordinated with senior officials inside Russia’s foreign and defence ministries, the documents suggest.

Yevgeny Prigozhin in Vladivostok in 2016
Facebook Twitter Pinterest Yevgeny Prigozhin in Vladivostok in 2016. Photograph: Mikhail Svetlov/Getty Images
Putin showed little interest in Africa in the 2000s. But western sanctions imposed in 2014 over the annexation of Crimea have driven Moscow to seek new geopolitical friends and business opportunities.

Russia has a military presence and peacekeeping mission in Central African Republic. CAR is described as “strategically important” and a “buffer zone between the Muslim north and Christian south”. It allows Moscow to expand “across the continent”, and Russian companies to strike lucrative mineral deals, the documents say.

On 24 May the Kremlin announced it was dispatching a team of army specialists to the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo. According to Dmitry Peskov, Putin’s press spokesman, they will service Russian-made military equipment. So far Moscow has signed military cooperation deals with about 20 African states.

Five days later the Kremlin said it would host the first ever Russia-Africa summit in October in the Black Sea resort of Sochi. Putin and Egypt’s president, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, will chair the event. About 50 African leaders are due to attend. The aim is to foster political, economic and cultural cooperation.

The leaked documents were obtained by the Dossier Center, an investigative unit based in London. The centre is funded by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the Russian businessman and exiled Kremlin critic.

Prigozhin has been approached for comment. He has previously denied any links to the troll factory and has said of Wagner that it does not exist. Putin has previously said that entities linked to Prigozhin do not constitute the Russian state.

Congolese soldiers in Beni
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Congolese soldiers on patrol in Beni, North Kivu province, DRC. Russia says it sent specialists to the country last month. Photograph: Hugh Kinsella Cunningham/EPA
A map from December 2018 seen by the Guardian shows the level of cooperation between the “Company” and African governments, country by country. Symbols indicate military, political and economic ties, police training, media and humanitarian projects, and “rivalry with France”. Five is the highest level; one is the lowest.

The closest relations are with CAR, Sudan and Madagascar – all put at five. Libya, Zimbabwe and South Africa are listed as four, according to the map, with South Sudan at three, and DRC, Chad and Zambia at two.

Other documents cite Uganda, Equatorial Guinea and Mali as “countries where we plan to work”. Libya and Ethiopia are flagged as nations “where cooperation is possible”. The Kremlin has recently stepped up its ground operation in Libya. Last November the Libyan commander Khalifa Haftar travelled to Moscow and met the defence minister, Sergei Shoigu. Prigozhin was spotted at the talks. Egypt is described as “traditionally supportive”.


The graphic gives an overview of “Company” activities and achievements. It claims credit in CAR for getting of rid of politicians who are “orientated to France”, including national assembly representatives and the foreign minister. This appears to be Charles-Armel Doubane, sacked in December. It has “strengthened” the army and set up newspapers and a radio station. Russia is an “83% friend”, it says.

In Madagascar the new president, Andry Rajoelina, won election with “the Company’s support”, the map says. Russia “produced and distributed the island’s biggest newspaper, with 2 million copies a month”, it adds. Rajoelina denies receiving assistance.

Another key territory is Sudan. Last year Russian specialists drew up a programme of political and economic reform, designed to keep President Omar al-Bashir in power. It included a plan to smear anti-government protesters, apparently copy-pasted from tactics used at home against the anti-Putin opposition. (One memo mistakenly says “Russia” instead of “Sudan”.)

One ploy was to use fake news and videos to portray demonstrators in Khartoum and other Sudanese cities as “anti-Islam”, “pro-Israel” and “pro-LGBT”. The government was told to increase the price of newsprint – to make it harder for critics to get their message out – and to discover “foreigners” at anti-government rallies.

In a leaked letter Prigozhin wrote to Bashir complaining that the president had not actually followed through on the advice. Prigozhin mentioned “lack of activity” by the Sudanese government and its “extremely cautious position”.

The military deposed Bashir in April in a coup. Last week Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces opened fire on pro-democracy protesters, killing scores. The Russian advisers had urged Sudan’s military council to suppress the activists with “minimal but acceptable loss of life”, one former regime source told CNN.

Sudan security forces are deployed around Khartoum’s army headquarters on 3 June.
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Sudan security forces are deployed around Khartoum’s army headquarters on 3 June. Photograph: Ashraf Shazly/AFP/Getty Images
Meanwhile, Moscow is keen to exploit a long-running territorial dispute in Comoros, the documents say. France directly controls one out of four of the Indian Ocean islands, Mayotte. In 2018 Prigozhin employees flew to Comoros via Belarus. Their objective was to test if “political technologies” might be used to inflame the row between Paris and the Comoros government.

Other suggestions in the documents include trans-African road and rail-building schemes. A railway could be built linking Dakar in Senegal with Port Sudan in Sudan, along the “old hajj [pilgrimage] route”. A separate 2,300-mile (3,700km) toll road was proposed connecting Port Sudan with Douala in Cameroon. Neither has so far happened.

A plan to revive “pan-African consciousness” appears closely modelled on the idea of Russkiy Mir, or Russian world. The concept has become fashionable under Putin and signifies Russian power and culture extended beyond current borders.


Documents suggest Russian plan to sway South Africa election
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One working paper is titled “African world”. It calls for a developing “African self-identity”. It recommends collecting a database of Africans living in the US and Europe, which might be used to groom “future leaders” and “agents of influence”. The eventual goal is a “loyal chain of representatives across African territory”, the March 2018 paper says.

More immediate practical measures include setting up Russian-controlled non-governmental organisations in African states and organising local meetings.

It is unclear how many Prigozhin initiatives have actually gone forward. There is evidence that media projects mentioned in the documents are now up and running – albeit with marginal impact. They include a website, Africa Daily Voice, with its HQ in Morocco, and a French-language news service, Afrique Panorama, based in Madagascar’s capital Antananarivo.

Russian operatives also offer thoughts on global politics. One policy paper, titled “Russian influence in Africa”, says Moscow needs to find “reliable partners among African states” and should establish military bases.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/ ... -in-africa
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