Séparatisme et Tensions Tribales en Libye

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Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par malikos »

afghanization in another place in the sahel...well done NATO.
Islamic State’s intent to disrupt elections in Iraq, Libya, and Tunisia will indicate group’s enduring capabilities
Ludovico Carlino - IHS Jane's Intelligence Weekly
Key Points
The attack in Tripoli was the latest of a series of attacks mounted by Islamic State militants targeting election-related sites and individuals in a number of countries where the group has a presence, notably Iraq and Afghanistan.
Those attacks followed a 22 April audio message issued by the Islamic State’s spokesperson Abu al-Hasan al-Muhajir and an increase in propaganda material focused on elections and democratic processes in Muslim-majority countries, which indicate a coherent strategy to reinvigorate the group’s support base and relevance in mainstream Islamic communities following the de-facto collapse of its caliphate in Syria and Iraq.
The Islamic State’s ability to follow through its threats will be a key indicator to assess the group’s current capabilities across the region and its ability to project guidance and provide support to multiple local affiliates.
Event
On 2 May, the Islamic State claimed responsibility for the double suicide attack that targeted the High National Election Commission (HNEC) office based in the Libyan capital Tripoli, killing 16 people.

According to Libyan media, the attack on the HNEC was carried out by two individuals who forced their way into the building and opened fire, before detonating suicide improvised explosive devices (IEDs). At least 16 people were killed and 11 injured, including thee security guards, in the attack. In a statement released by the Islamic State official Amaq News Agency a few hours later, the group stated that the operation was in response to the call by the group’s spokesperson, Sheikh Abu al-Hasan al-Muhajir, to “target centres of polytheist elections and those who support them” on 22 April.

The last Islamic State-claimed attack in Tripoli was carried out in 2015, although the group remains highly active in central and southern areas of Libya. On 3 May, local media citing Libyan intelligence sources reported that around 300 Islamic State fighters have returned to Libya from Syria and Iraq during the past two months.


Want to read more? For analysis on this article and access to all our insight content, please enquire about our subscription options at ihs.com/contact

http://www.janes.com/article/79809/isla ... pabilities

malikos
Mulazim Awal (ملازم أول)
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par malikos »

Benghazi
Published On : Sunday, 27 May 2018 08:51 Read : 24 time(s) Print Send Share
Algeria strongly condemns terrorist attack targeting Benghazi
ALGIERS- Algeria has strongly condemned the car-bomb terrorist attack in this holy month which targeted a populated area in the city of Benghazi, leaving seven deaths and a dozen of injured.
http://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/24568-alge ... g-benghazi
Libyan Counter-Terrorism Chief Sacked after Benghazi Bombing
Saturday, 26 May, 2018 - 05:30

At least seven people were killed in a bombing in the Libyan city of Benghazi. (Reuters)
Cairo - Khaled Mahmoud
Interior Minister of Libya’s Tubrok-based government Ibrahim Boushnaf sacked on Friday counter-terrorism chief Adel Marfoua in wake of a Banghazi bombing that left at least seven people dead.

Boushnaf told Libya al-Hadath television that a terrorist cell may have exploited some shortcomings that allowed it to carry out the attack in a residential part of the city on Thursday.

The error may have been in implementing the security plan, not the plan itself, he continued.

Benghazi is being targeted over its war against terrorism and after terrorists were expelled from the city, he added.

The attack left 24 people injured and security forces were working on examining CCTV footage to uncover the perpetrators.

The bomb exploded behind the Tibesti hotel, the city's biggest, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, on a street where people were taking a stroll after a day of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

Boushnaf, who inspected the scene of the blast, vowed to immediately arrest the criminals, saying security breaches may take place from time to time, even in the most secure and stable countries.

Prime Minister of the National Accord Government Fayez al-Sarraj condemned the attack, calling for uniting ranks to combat terror.

Benghazi mayor Abdulrahman al-Abar called on the residents to cooperate with the security agencies and report any suspicious behavior, stressing that such breaches will not deter the authorities in continuing their mission to uproot terrorism.

The Libyan parliament demanded in a statement the Interior Ministry and security forces to perform their national duty and bring the perpetrators to justice.https://aawsat.com/english/home/article ... zi-bombing
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7 killed, including infamous militiaman, in ammunition-laden car explosion in Benghazi
May 25, 2018 - 14:51 Posted in:
NEWS
Written By: AbdullahBenIbrahim


A car went off in Jamal Abdel Nasser Street in Benghazi on Thursday night killing 7 people and wounding 20.

Local sources said the car exploded near Tibisti hotel at around 1:15 am.

Among the deaths was the notorious militiaman Ezzo Raslan, who appeared in videos taking Selfies with dead bodies of women and men from Ganfouda district during Benghazi war.

Ezzo’s brother was also killed in the explosion.

There are conflicting reports on how the car exploded.

Authorities in eastern Libya said it was a “terrorist car bomb explosion carried out by sleeper cells”, but local residents reported another story. They said "the car belongs to militiaman Ezzo Raslan and it was full of ammunition."

“A quarrel occurred between Ezzo and other gunmen over the ammunition; then one of them took his rifle and opened fire and threw a hand grenade at the car, which led to the car explosion,” a local resident said.

The explosion was denounced by Benghazi Municipality, House of Representatives and Presidential Council.
https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/7-kil ... n-benghazi

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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

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Terrorist Attacks In Libya’s Oil Crescent Raises Security Alert
By Julianne Geiger - May 29, 2018, 3:00 AM CDT
Sharara oil field
Libya’s oil crescent on Sunday announced a maximum security alert over possible terrorist attacks in vital oil ports and oilfields, as OPEC’s third disruptor—after Iran and Venezuela—threatens to further unsettle today’s turbulent oil market.

The African oil producer faced oil production outages last week, too, as bad weather caused turbines to stop working. Approximately 120,000 bpd was shut in as a result of that outage, at a time when Libya is trying to raise its production above the 1 million bpd mark. Libya has faced a series of what may prove to be insurmountable challenges as protesters, inclement weather, and disputes between factions continue to disrupt its oil production.

Armed guards are now standing by at oil ports, according to the Libyan Express, ready to thwart any terrorist attack that seeks to move into the oil crescent region—Libya’s most prolific oil area.

The security threat—and the possible oil production disruption that may come with it—comes at a precarious time for OPEC, as US sanctions on Iran and Venezuela, along with Venezuela’s already freefalling oil production, rattle the now-tight oil market that fears an overtightening of supplies.

Related: Russia Just Won Big In The European Gas War

Last week, both Saudi Arabia and Russia committed to increase oil production if needed to compensate for expected losses in Iran post-sanctions, and for continued actual losses in Venezuela as it death spirals to new oil-production lows.

Libya’s recovering oil production has been a swing factor for oil prices since 2016. When it was on the rise, prices fell. Yet there were so many outages as various groups vied for attention and money by blockading pipelines and oilfields, that prices rose on news from Libya pretty much as often as they fell on reports from the North African nation that sports the largest oil reserves on the continent.

By Julianne Geiger for Oilprice.com https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News ... Alert.html

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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

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Groups, councils in western Libya reject Paris summit
French initiative calls for ‘unification’ of Libyan central bank, army

home > politics, todays headlines, middle east 28.05.2018
Groups, councils in western Libya reject Paris summit


TRIPOLI, Libya

Thirteen councils and armed groups based in western Libya have voiced their rejection of a French initiative ostensibly aimed at achieving reconciliation between Libya’s rival political camps.

The French government has invited 19 countries to attend a Tuesday summit in Paris with a view to finding a political solution to the North African country’s seven-year political crisis.

In a joint statement, 13 armed groups and military councils based in western Libya -- including some loyal to the UN-backed unity government based in Tripoli -- voiced their rejection of the planned summit.

Signatories stated their rejection of “any initiative aimed at consolidating military rule in [Libya] and which does not take Libyan military law into consideration… and which does not promote a civil state or the peaceful rotation of power”.

The groups go on to state their rejection of any agreements that might be concluded during the summit.

They also expressed their readiness to host a separate initiative in western Libya with a view to fostering “genuine dialogue aimed at meeting the aspirations of all of Libyan society, safeguarding Libya’s territorial integrity and resisting foreign interference”.

The groups further state their support for any initiative that gives priority to ending conflict in the country, going on to urge the UN to maintain neutrality when dealing with the Libyan file.

Paris has invited 19 countries -- including the UN Security Council’s five permanent members, Italy, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, Chad, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait -- to attend Tuesday’s summit at the Elysee Palace.

On Monday, Aguila Saleh, head of the Libyan House of Representatives, and Libyan military commander Khalifa Haftar, who is supported by the Tobruk-based assembly, both headed to Paris to attend the summit.

Libya’s Tripoli-based High Council of State, for its part, has also conditionally agreed to send representatives.

The French initiative calls for the “unification” of both the Libyan central bank and the country’s army, along with elections sometime later this year to be followed by a constitutional referendum.

Reporting by Jihad Nasr:Writing by Mahmoud Barakat https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/gr ... it/1158719

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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

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Aujourd'hui, l'Armée Nationale Lybienne LNA a capturé Yahiya al-Osta Omar, commandant de la "Brigade des Martyrs d'Abu Salim" affiliée à AlQaeda du Conseil des Moudjahidines de Shura à Derna.
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SECRET WAR
The U.S. Has Conducted 550 Drone Strikes in Libya Since 2011 — More Than in Somalia, Yemen, or Pakistan
33

Photo: Henrik Moltke/Field of Vision
Nick Turse, Henrik Moltke, Alice Speri
June 21 2018, 1:32 a.m.
In partnership with


THE UNITED STATES has conducted approximately 550 drone strikes in Libya since 2011, more than in Somalia, Yemen, or Pakistan, according to interviews and an analysis of open-source data by The Intercept.

The Intercept’s reporting indicates that Libya has been among the most heavily targeted nations in terms of American remotely piloted aircraft and radically revises the number of drone strikes carried out under the Obama administration, doubling some estimates.

During a four-month span in 2016, for example, there were approximately 300 drone strikes in Libya, according to U.S. officials. That’s seven times more than the 42 confirmed U.S. RPA attacks carried out in Somalia, Yemen, and Pakistan combined for all of 2016, according to data compiled by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, a London-based nonprofit news organization. The Libya attacks have continued under the Trump administration, with the latest U.S. drone strike occurring last week about 50 miles southeast of the town of Bani Walid.

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Tracking drone strikes can be confusing, so much so that even the U.S. military has difficulty accurately tallying them. Since last fall, the Trump administration has carried out 18 airstrikes in Libya, according to official U.S. Africa Command press releases and confirmed media reports, but only 11 according to an AFRICOM spokesperson. Before a congressional committee in March, even AFRICOM’s own chief, Gen. Thomas Waldhauser, provided an incorrect count of airstrikes in Libya in 2016. Changes in how strikes are defined and counted, a refusal to provide information on the aircraft used and where they originate from, and new Trump administration policies limiting disclosures of attacks have made already opaque operations even more secretive and difficult to track.

“Probably very few people outside the U.S. government are even aware the U.S. is fighting in Libya, let alone conducting hundreds of lethal drone strikes there. And the U.S. seems to be quite selective about which strikes it publicizes and which it doesn’t,” said Daphne Eviatar, director of security with human rights at Amnesty International USA. “Because these are unmanned aircraft that are launched remotely from bases abroad, it’s very easy for the U.S. to keep these operations secret if it chooses to. And we’re seeing increasingly that, especially outside acknowledged areas of armed conflict such as Iraq and Syria, the U.S. has been operating in secret and not even sharing publicly the rules or legal framework it’s operating under.”


Smokes rises after an airstrike on an Islamic State militants held area in Sirte, Libya, Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2016. (AP Photo/Manu Brabo)
Smoke rises after an airstrike on an Islamic State-held area in Sirte, Libya, on Sept. 28, 2016. Photo: Manu Brabo/AP

LIBYA — SUBJECT TO U.S. military interventions since 1804 and the site of the world’s first modern airstrike, by an Italian pilot, in 1911 — found itself in America’s crosshairs again a century later. During the short-lived Operation Odyssey Dawn and the NATO mission that succeeded it, Operation Unified Protector, the U.S. military and eight other air forces flew sorties against the military of then-Libyan leader Moammar Gaddafi, leading to his demise and the end of his regime.
Since 2012, the United States, three other countries, and three Libyan armed factions have continued air operations there, conducting at least 2,158 airstrikes, including drone attacks, according to “Air Strikes and Civilian Casualties in Libya,” a report released Wednesday by New America, a Washington-based think tank, and Airwars, a U.K.-based airstrike monitoring group. The report estimates that the attacks killed between 242 and 392 noncombatants from 2012 to 2018, and injured as many as 524. “Hundreds of civilians have been killed by all parties to this very complex conflict in Libya, and none of them are taking responsibility,” said Chris Woods, the director of Airwars. “All of them are off the leash — often bombing without any accountability.”

AFRICOM stresses that it complies with the laws of war and takes “all feasible precautions during the targeting process to minimize civilian casualties and other collateral damage.” A Department of Defense analysis released last month found “no credible reports of civilian casualties resulting from U.S. strikes in Libya in 2017.”

“I don’t think AFRICOM has ever admitted a civilian harm event in Libya, including during the 2011 NATO campaign,” Woods said. “The U.S. is not taking responsibility where harm does occur, but neither is any other belligerent, foreign or domestic.”

New America and Airwars found that reported civilian deaths from airstrikes in Libya are fewer than in other war zones, like Syria and Yemen. U.S. attacks in Libya, for example, have resulted in 10 to 20 civilian fatalities, with as many as 54 additional civilian deaths attributable to strikes of possible U.S. origin, according to their research. Attacks by the Libyan National Army, led by Gen. Khalifa Haftar, resulted in 95 to 172 noncombatant deaths — the highest reported number for any belligerent.

The toll of some attacks is still in dispute. A U.S. drone strike in Libya on June 6, for example, killed four “ISIS-Libya militants,” according to AFRICOM. AFRICOM “performed a thorough review and determined the allegations of civilian casualties to be not credible,” according to a statement released Wednesday. The Libya Observer and the Libyan Foundation for Human Rights, however, reported that only one of the dead was a militant and that the others were civilians.


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Satellite communication relay pads at Naval Air Station Sigonella in Sicily. Photo: Henrik Moltke/Field of Vision

THE INTERCEPT’S COUNT of 550 U.S. drone strikes in Libya over the last seven years is based primarily on five U.S. military sources. The first is a retired Air Force squadron commander who said his unit executed 241 drone strikes out of a U.S. base in Sicily in 2011, when the air campaign in Libya began. The second is an Air Force wing commander based in Nevada who told the audience of the Air Force Association’s Air Warfare Symposium that drones conducted approximately 300 strikes in the second half of 2016, when the U.S. was attacking the Libyan city of Sirte to oust Islamic State militants. The third is a 2017 Air Force news story that provided roughly the same figures. The fourth and fifth sources are AFRICOM and Pentagon officials, who confirmed that 11 strikes carried out in Libya during the Trump administration involved remotely piloted aircraft.
The more than 550 drone attacks in Libya since 2011 exceed the number of airstrikes since 2001 in Somalia, Yemen, or Pakistan. Between 2001 and 2011, the United States built up its drone forces and developed a framework for employing RPAs in combat. Since then, Libya has served as a laboratory for new tactics and a proving ground for the next era of drone warfare.

U.S. engagement in Libya began in 2011, when the so-called Arab Spring uprisings swept across the Middle East, imperiling autocrats from Tunisia to Bahrain. On March 25, 2011, the Air Force’s 324th Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron and its MQ-1 Predator drones began operating from Naval Air Station Sigonella in Italy. Less than a month later, the U.S. military confirmed its first drone strike in Libya — an attack on a Gaddafi regime military target near the city of Misrata.

For the next six months, U.S. drones flying from the Italian air base stalked the skies above the north African nation, conducting a campaign of previously under-reported size and scope. “Our Predators shot 243 Hellfire missiles in the six months of OUP, over 20 percent of the total of all Hellfires expended in the 14 years of the system’s deployment,” retired Lt. Col. Gary Peppers, the commander of the 324th Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron during Operation Unified Protector, told The Intercept. When OUP ended in October 2011, Peppers noted, fewer than 1,200 Hellfire missiles had been fired by U.S. RPAs across the entire world, including in the war zones of Afghanistan and Iraq.

Peppers recalled that the 243 missiles fired constituted 241 individual strikes. Neither the Pentagon, AFRICOM, nor U.S. Air Forces in Europe-Air Forces Africa could corroborate Peppers’s figures.

After Gaddafi’s overthrow and death on October 20, 2011, Libya collapsed into chaos and militia-fueled insecurity, allowing terrorist groups to flourish and the so-called Islamic State to take over the Mediterranean coastal city of Sirte. By early 2013, the Italian government provided “a temporary authorization to deploy additional U.S. assets at the Sigonella base,” including MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers, the larger and more lethal cousin of the Predator, according to a report prepared by the foreign policy think tank CeSI for Italy’s parliament and ministries of defense and foreign affairs.

After several years of limited activity, the U.S. air war in Libya accelerated in 2016 with Operation Odyssey Lightning. That summer, the fledgling post-Gaddafi regime — the Libyan Government of National Accord, or GNA — asked for American help in dislodging ISIS fighters from Sirte. The Obama administration designated the city an “area of active hostilities,” loosening guidelines designed to prevent civilian casualties and allowing the U.S. military a freer hand in carrying out airstrikes.

“I only asked for U.S. airstrikes which must be surgical and limited in time and geographical scope, always carried out in coordination with us,” GNA Prime Minister Fayez Serraj told Italy’s Corriere della Sera in late summer 2016.

Between August and December 2016, according to a statement from AFRICOM, the U.S. carried out “495 precision airstrikes against Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices, heavy guns, tanks, command and control centers, and fighting positions” in Sirte. Then, in March, Waldhauser, the AFRICOM chief, told the House Armed Services Committee that the U.S. actually “conducted over 500 strikes” during the operation.

AFRICOM spokesperson Samantha Reho clarified Walhauser’s numbers, telling The Intercept that while there were “some subsequent strikes in some desert camps in Libya on January 18, 2017 … 495 is the correct number for the [Odyssey Lightning] campaign.”

Of those 495 strikes, more than 60 percent — approximately 300 — were carried out by MQ-9 Reapers, with the balance conducted by manned Marine Corps aircraft flown from Navy ships off Libya’s coast, according to Col. Case Cunningham, the commander of the 432nd Expeditionary Wing at Creech Air Force Base in Nevada, the headquarters of the Air Force’s RPA operations.

“That’s a really significant number,” said Chris Woods of Airwars. “That’s 300 drone strikes on Sirte in just five months. That is a fierce tempo compared to other drone conflicts the United States has been involved in.” The use of drones in Sirte was more intense than across Iraq and Syria during a comparable period of time, Woods added: “This was a significant number of resources focused on a small area.”

Sirte became ground zero for testing new concepts of urban combat involving multiple drones working in sync with indigenous forces and U.S. special operators. “Some of the tactics were created and some of the persistent attack capabilities that hadn’t been used widely before were developed because of this operation,” one of the drone pilots involved in Odyssey Lightning said in an Air Force news release. According to Cunningham, about 70 percent of the Reaper strikes were close air support missions to back up local GNA forces engaged in street-to-street fighting. The drones often worked in tandem with one another, as well as with Marine Corps helicopters and jets, with the drones helping to guide the conventional aircraft as they attacked, Cunningham said.

Cunningham’s statistics were also published by the Air Force in 2017. Again, neither the Pentagon, AFRICOM, nor USAFE-AFAFRICA could corroborate Cunningham’s figures.

Cunningham explained that the ability of MQ-9s to loiter for many hours overhead allowed the U.S. to “find, fix, track, target, and engage in a very low — single-digit — number of minutes with extremely high precision,” and that it was “not unheard of to see times of less than one minute from a target-find to weapons-effects.” AFRICOM estimated that 800 to 900 ISIS fighters were killed during Operation Odyssey Lightning, according to Long War Journal, but Cunningham said that not one allegation of a civilian casualty due to U.S. strikes surfaced. New America and Airwars, however, found reports of civilian deaths due to U.S. attacks on Sirte.

Waldhauser told Congress that Odyssey Lightning “can serve as a model for future U.S. operations in the region.” But he admitted to the Senate Armed Services Committee earlier this year that expelling ISIS from its stronghold in Sirte and general disorganization among terrorist groups have “not translated into a stable Libya.” Despite hundreds of airstrikes in support of the GNA and $635 million in U.S. assistance since 2011, Libya is one of the most fragile states on earth, deemed so dangerous that its U.S. Embassy is located in neighboring Tunisia. “Libya remains politically and militarily divided, with loyalties shifting based on tribal interests and personalities involved in the struggle for power,” said Waldhauser. “Given this turmoil, the risk of a full-scale civil war remains real.”


The view from a hidden position looking into a mirror, where fighters of the Libyan forces affiliated to the Tripoli government remain out of sight from snipers and scan for possible targets in the street outside, from their vantage point inside a building at the western front line in Sirte, Libya, Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2016. (AP Photo/Manu Brabo)
Libyan fighters affiliated with the Tripoli government remain out of sight from snipers and scan for possible targets from inside a building on the western front line in Sirte, Libya, on Sept. 27, 2016. Photo: Manu Brabo/AP

IN JULY 2016, just before Odyssey Lightning commenced, the Obama administration issued a report acknowledging 473 drone strikes by the “U.S. Government against terrorist targets outside areas of active hostilities” between January 2009 and December 2015. The report noted that “areas of active hostilities” in that seven-year period included Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria, but didn’t state which other countries might have met that definition and when. By December 2016, those three war zones had been joined by “certain portions of Libya.” But within a month, Libya had been removed from the list.
At the same time, a number of organizations that track drone strikes, as well as news outlets, offered up estimates of how many such attacks the outgoing president had overseen, all of them focused on countries that were far from any traditional American battlefields. USA Today reported “at least 526” drone strikes during the Obama years. The Council on Foreign Relations cited “542 drone strikes that … killed an estimated 3,797 people, including 324 civilians.” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism came up with “563 strikes, largely by drones, [that] targeted Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen … compared to 57 strikes under [President George W.] Bush.”

The 541 drone strikes in Libya during the Obama years, therefore, equal or possibly exceed the number of attacks carried out in Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen at the same time.

“These drone strike numbers are shockingly high and not widely known,” Hina Shamsi, the director of the American Civil Liberties Union National Security Project, told The Intercept. “They underscore that the Obama administration’s record on transparency about its use of lethal force abroad was deeply inadequate.”

When it comes to analyzing drone strikes, Libya apparently fell through the cracks. RPA attacks go largely uncounted in designated “areas of active hostilities,” which included Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria — and, at times, Libya — under Obama. With already limited media and NGO resources focused on countries like Somalia, Yemen, and Pakistan, few noticed as Libya became one of the most targeted nations on earth.

The situation in regard to “areas of active hostilities” has become even more muddled today.

Daphne Eviatar of Amnesty International USA notes that while it has been reported that the Trump administration has loosened restrictions on drone strikes outside armed conflict zones — Libya among them — the government has refused to publicly acknowledge this shift in policy.

“When it complied with the congressional mandate to report on changes to its legal framework earlier this year, the bulk of the information, including any changes in the rules on who can be targeted and protection of civilians, was classified,” said Eviatar. “That was a huge step backward from the Obama administration, which, after years of its own secrecy, in 2016 finally did at least explain the legal and policy framework it was operating under.”

“Strikes and counterterrorism operations are conducted under authorities provided by Congress in the Authorization for the Use of Military Force and in accordance with international law,” Maj. Sheryll Klinkel, a Pentagon spokesperson, told The Intercept. “There is no additional or specific information on authorities that are publicly available.”

“IDO NOT see a role in Libya,” said President Donald Trump last April. “I think the United States has, right now, enough roles.”

And for the first eight months of the Trump administration, there were no acknowledged U.S. drone strikes. But last fall, that changed. Three days of attacks in September, two in October, and two in November were followed by strikes this year in January and March. Two more strikes this month bring the total to 18 airstrikes, according to AFRICOM press releases and confirmed media reports. The command has, however, officially redefined these 18 attacks to 11 strikes in order “to better align with AFRICOM’s internal operational reporting,” spokesperson Samantha Reho told The Intercept.

Referencing a September 24, 2017, press release that noted that U.S. forces had conducted “six precision airstrikes in Libya” two days earlier, Reho explained that the command now “counts that incident as one strike with six separate engagements, whereas we initially wrote it as six strikes.” An AFRICOM official, speaking on background, claimed that the higher counts were a “blunder” and the command changed policies after realizing that the numbers reported to Congress did not match those being released to the public.

AFRICOM’s change in how it defines and counts airstrikes comes at a time when the Trump administration has sought to keep such information under wraps. In a break from past policy, AFRICOM no longer proactively announces attacks in Libya, increasingly offering comment about airstrikes only when questioned. According to New America and Airwars, less than 50 percent of reported airstrikes by all parties to the conflict are officially declared, and the United States is the most transparent. But the bar is set very low. The U.S. military refuses, for example, to provide even basic information about acknowledged attacks. “We usually don’t disclose which bases and aircraft are involved and where they originate from for strikes,” Klinkel, the Pentagon spokesperson, told The Intercept.

“President Obama left a legacy of expansive claims of war authority without congressional authorization in multiple parts of the world, with lethal strike and civilian casualty counts largely shrouded in secrecy until the end of his administration,” said Shamsi of the ACLU. “That legacy is now in the hands of President Trump, who is using it to the detriment of our system of checks and balances, the transparency needed for democratic accountability, and meaningful recognition of harm to civilians.”

Top photo: Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned surveillance aircraft at Naval Air Station Sigonella in Sicily.https://theintercept.com/2018/06/20/lib ... e-strikes/
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par Chifboubara »

Désolé pour celles et ceux que cela va choquer, mais il faut lire ce nouveau scénario du dernier film de notre sioniste préféré :

"La Lybie made in BHL" .
"Il y a des images que je ne pourrai pas sortir de mon esprit" : un rescapé de l'"Aquarius" brise le tabou des viols sur des hommes en Libye

L'Aquarius a accosté sur l'île de Malte mercredi 15 août avec 141 migrants à bord. (MATTHEW MIRABELLI / AFP)
Maurine Mercier, éditée par Julien Pasqualinifranceinfo – Radio France
Mis à jour le 16/08/2018 | 10:09 – publié le 16/08/2018 | 09:19

L'envoyée spéciale de franceinfo à bord de l'"Aquarius" a rencontré un migrant qui témoigne des violences sexuelles infligées à des hommes en Libye, un sujet tabou que peu de rescapés osent évoquer sur le pont du navire humanitaire.

Les 141 rescapés de l'Aquarius sont arrivés à Malte mercredi 15 août. Ils sont "épuisés, marqués par leur voyage et leur séjour en Libye", selon Médecins sans frontières. Certains d'entre eux ont été victimes de violences sexuelles en Libye : c'est très souvent le cas pour les femmes, mais aussi pour les hommes. Et le sujet est tabou.

"Tous sont là avec leur téléphone, ils filment"
Sur le pont du navire humanitaire, un rescapé a décidé de briser le silence. Il révèle ce que personne n'ose évoquer, mais que pourtant tout le monde connaît. Lui n'a pas été violé mais a assisté à des scènes de viols. "Il y a des images que je ne pourrai pas sortir de mon esprit, témoigne cet homme sur franceinfo. Devant tout le monde, ils vous demandent de vous caresser. Ça stimule ton érection... Ils demandent que tu sodomises ton frère..." "Ils rient, ils sont contents. Du jamais vu. Tous sont là avec leur téléphone, ils filment." En cas de refus, "ils vont vous prendre, vous attacher et ils vont vous violer", poursuit-il.

La deuxième fois qu'on lui a infligé cela, c'est quand il a essayé de s'évader. "En plein désert, ils nous ont rattrapés", raconte-t-il. Celui qui les guidait "a subi des abus. Ils l'ont sodomisé à tour de rôle. Ce n'était pas beau à voir."

Ils prennent des comprimés pour booster leur libido, pour faire du mal. Ils vont vous détruire au maximum
un migrant témoin de violences sexuelles
à franceinfo

"Quand ils ont fini, il était bousillé, il y avait du sang partout. Je ne sais pas s'il a survécu", poursuit-il. Lui a été épargné et n'a pas été violé mais contraint, en Libye, à assister à ces scènes cauchemardesques. L'homme a du mal à poursuivre la conversation. "Je me sentais mort, je me disais 'si l'idée leur traverse l'esprit de passer sur moi'. Je me suis mis une minute à sa place. C'était traumatisant, c'était une terreur", conclut-il difficilement.
https://mobile.francetvinfo.fr/monde/eu ... 97617.html
«Partout où je vais les gens me tendent la main pour demander quelque chose, sauf en Algérie où les gens m'ont tendu la main pour, au contraire, m'offrir quelque chose» Yann Arthus Bertrand
«Le grand art, c'est de changer pendant la bataille. Malheur au général qui arrive au combat avec un système» Napoléon Bonaparte
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sadral
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par sadral »

Bravo Madame la Ministre et j’espère que l'histoire se souviendra des crimes de Sarkozy & BHL.
La ministre italienne de la Défense : «La France est responsable du chaos libyen»

«La France est en partie responsable de la crise en Libye», a déclaré la ministre italienne de la Défense, Elisabetta Trenta, excluant toute intervention militaire italienne dans ce pays.
ElisabettaTrenta.jpg
«La France, de mon point de vue, a une responsabilité» dans la crise libyenne, a écrit, lundi 3 septembre, Elisabetta Trenta sur sa page Facebook, revenant par ailleurs sur les désastres causés par l’intervention militaire menée en 2011 par la France et d’autres pays contre le régime de Mouammar Kadhafi.

«Il est désormais indéniable que ce pays [la Libye] se trouve dans une situation inextricable car quelqu’un, en 2011, a placé ses propres intérêts avant ceux du peuple libyen et de l’Europe même», a déclaré la ministre italienne de la Défense.

«La France, de ce point de vue, est en partie responsable du désastre qui se déroule aujourd’hui sous nos yeux», a ajouté Trenta.

Plus tôt, le président du Parlement italien, Roberto Fico, a reproché pour sa part à la France d’avoir «légué un grave problème» à l’Italie.

Elisabetta Trenta a déclaré qu’il était nécessaire maintenant d’avancer «ensemble» pour assurer la paix en Libye. La presse italienne a suggéré lundi 3 septembre que des forces italiennes spéciales pourraient être envoyées pour intervenir en Libye, une possibilité que Trenta a exclue.

Des combats ont éclaté la semaine dernière entre des milices rivales dans la banlieue sud de Tripoli. Les affrontements ont déjà fait plus de 50 morts et des centaines de blessés. La capitale libyenne est actuellement au centre d’une bataille d’influence entre les groupes armés depuis l’assassinat par les Occidentaux de Mouammar Kadhafi.

Actuellement tout est confus. Sur le terrain, ce sont des milices qui dépendent du ministère de l’Intérieur qui combattent des milices qui dépendent du ministère de la Défense.

Fayez al-Sarraj, le Premier ministre, assure que la milice la Septième Brigade ne dépend plus de l’Etat depuis le mois d’avril dernier. Pourtant, l’Etat continue à payer les salaires de cette milice.

Un responsable de la Septième Brigade affirme avoir reçu, contre l’arrêt des combats, des offres de très hauts postes au gouvernement. Offres qu’ils ont refusées.

«Nous allons continuer le combat jusqu’à nettoyer Tripoli de toutes les milices», a affirmé ce responsable à la presse.

La mission des Nations unies en Libye a invité, mardi 4 septembre, les «différentes parties libyennes à dialoguer d’urgence».

Mais pour le moment personne n’a entendu son appel.
https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2018 ... os-libyen/
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« Une page est tournée ; l'Algérie est d'abord fille de son histoire, qu'elle ait surmonté l'épreuve coloniale et même défié l'éclipse, atteste, s'il en était besoin, de cette volonté inextinguible de vivre sans laquelle les peuples sont menacés parfois de disparition.
L'ornière qui nous a contraints à croupir dans l'existence végétative des asphyxies mortelles nous imposa de nous replier sur nous-mêmes dans l'attente et la préparation d'un réveil et d'un sursaut qui ne pouvaient se faire, hélas ! que dans la souffrance et dans le sang. La France, elle-même, a connu de ces disgrâces et de ces résurrections. » Le président Houari Boumediene.
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algeriano93
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par algeriano93 »

Ce pays est fini et pour un bon moment,on a désormais une Somalie bis à notre frontière! :evil:

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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par guidher »

algeriano93 a écrit :
04 septembre 2018, 17:22
Ce pays est fini et pour un bon moment,on a désormais une Somalie bis à notre frontière! :evil:
oui .et a la tette de sa moitié un fous qui menace l algerie
Libye / Le maréchal Haftar accuse l’ANP et menace l’Algérie
Accusant l’ANP d’avoir mené une incursion en Libye, le maréchal Khalifa Haftar a menacé d’entrer en guerre contre l’Algérie, rapportait ce samedi Al Jazzera.

“En temps de guerre, on ne permet à personne de s’approcher de nous. Les Algériens ont profité de l’occasion et ont pénétré sur le territoire libyen. J’ai envoyé le général Abdelkrim à Alger pour leur dire que ce qu’il s’est passé n’est pas fraternel”, a déclaré l’homme fort de l’est libyen, lors d’une réunion.

Le général Haftar a menacé de “déplacer en quelques instants la guerre en Algérie”. Selon lui, les autorités algériennes l’ont rassuré que “ce qui s’est passé était une démarche individuelle qui va se terminer dans une semaine”.
https://www.algerie-focus.com/2018/09/l ... -lalgerie/

Madjid-wahran
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par Madjid-wahran »

Libye / Le maréchal Haftar accuse l’ANP et menace l’Algérie

Accusant l’ANP d’avoir mené une incursion en Libye, le maréchal Khalifa Haftar a menacé d’entrer en guerre contre l’Algérie, rapportait ce samedi Al Jazzera.

“En temps de guerre, on ne permet à personne de s’approcher de nous. Les Algériens ont profité de l’occasion et ont pénétré sur le territoire libyen. J’ai envoyé le général Abdelkrim à Alger pour leur dire que ce qu’il s’est passé n’est pas fraternel”, a déclaré l’homme fort de l’est libyen, lors d’une réunion.

Le général Haftar a menacé de “déplacer en quelques instants la guerre en Algérie”. Selon lui, les autorités algériennes l’ont rassuré que “ce qui s’est passé était une démarche individuelle qui va se terminer dans une semaine”.

https://www.algerie-focus.com/2018/09/l ... -lalgerie/



Ce type a dépasser les limites ! Son pays est dans un bordel pas possible, ronger par la tumeur (EI, Alqaida, Ansar je ne sais pas quoi, trafiquant d'armes, trafiquants de migrants etc ..) et ce depuis 2011 !

Bédouin ventripotent qui pense plus à l'koursi qu'a la stabilité de son pays, des dizaines de round diplomatiques qui ne donne rien parce monsieur à un ego démesuré et c'est lui ou rien.
L'Algérie fait des petites incursions sur une zone tampon à la frontière et bien ce type devrait nous remercier de nettoyer un peu !!
Pion des émiratis et des égyptiens, tfou.
« Les chrétiens vont au Vatican, les musulmans à la Mecque et les révolutionnaires à Alger. » Amilcar Cabral
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FULCRUM
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par FULCRUM »

C'est une limace qui n'a pas de pays, même pas la peine de s'attarder sur son cas, il s'est fait un coup de pub c'est tout.

malikos
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par malikos »

Anger in Algeria after Threats by Libya’s Haftar to ‘Spread War’ to it
Monday, 10 September, 2018 - 07:30

Libyan National Army commander Khalifa Haftar. (Reuters)
Algiers - Boualem Goumrassa
The Algerian foreign ministry has yet to respond to Libyan National Army (LNA) commander Khalifa Haftar’s threats to “spread” war to the neighboring country.

An Algerian source told Asharq Al-Awsat on condition of anonymity that officials from the ministry held a meeting on Sunday morning to address Haftar’s statements.

The government source said that views varied on whether a firm response should be made or whether it should be avoided in order to avert any tensions between the two neighbors given Algeria’s mediation efforts in Libya.

In a video circulated on social media in the past 48 hours, Haftar was seen saying that the “war could be spread, in moments, to the Algerian border.”

He added that Algiers “was exploiting the security situation in Libya”.

He also accused Algeria of sending soldiers to Libya, similar to what happened at the beginning of the Libya crisis in 2011. Algeria was at the time accused for dispatching “militias to support Moammar Gaddafi,” Libya’s former ruler.

Algiers had vehemently denied the charges at the time.

Haftar added however that Algeria had apologized for the behavior of its troops and vowed to resolve the crisis as soon as possible.

He also did not disclose when Algerian soldiers had entered Libyan territory.

Algiers had previously refused to allow its army to take part in foreign military operations, explaining that it is barred by the constitution.

Haftar has long had tense relations with Algeria, which in turn prefers to communicate with head of the Government of National Accord Fayez al-Sarraj, who is based in Tripoli.

Haftar had accused Algeria in 2014 of trying to seize Libya’s wealth. It was also accused by the Libyan opposition of sending “mercenaries and weapons to save the Gaddafi regime from collapse.

The Algerian government had at the time accused the opposition of “misinterpreting the situation in Libya,” adding that it did not support the Gaddafi regime and was keen on stopping the bloodshed in the country.

International relations professor at the University of Ouargla Bouhania Qawi told Asharq Al-Awsat that Haftar’s “threatening rhetoric” went beyond his military capacity given the pressing regional balances.

He has violated all diplomatic norms with such a statement,” he added.

“His threat was directed at a state that stands at an equal distance from all warring parties,” he added, saying that Algeria had welcomed both Haftar and Sarraj in its attempts to reach reconciliation between them.
https://aawsat.com/english/home/article ... 2%80%99-it

malikos
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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par malikos »

Tripoli, la trêve entre milices est une illusion
La Tribune de Genève-10.09.2018, 19h32

Les violences ont fait une soixantaine de morts au début du mois. Reportage dans une capitale qui retient son souffle.

De la mer vient comme une tempête de vent qui soulève du sable, des déchets, des bouteilles en plastique et de la poussière. Un vent sale qui humilie une ville fantôme. Tripoli ressemble à une cinecittà à l’abandon. Les quelques magasins n’ouvrent qu’à moitié leurs volets dans des rues désertes. Les affrontements entre milices ont débuté fin août avant qu’une trêve intervienne le 4 septembre sous médiation de l’ONU. Mais tout indique qu’elle ne marque qu’une pause en attendant de nouveaux combats.

De la fumée s'élève au-dessus de Tripoli lors des combats entre milices fin août.
De la fumée s’élève au-dessus de Tripoli lors des combats entre milices fin août. Image: Reuters

Pendant cinq jours, les vols à destination de Tripoli ont été déroutés vers Misrata, la deuxième ville de Tripolitaine. En y atterrissant, on découvre une autre Libye. Dans le hall de l’aéroport rénové avec le soutien du gouvernement turc, des scouts en uniforme portant un foulard accueillent les centaines de passagers. Eau, jus de fruits et desserts pour tous, alors que la protection civile et les compagnies aériennes organisent des navettes vers la capitale.

Sur la route de Misrata à Tripoli, les checkpoints sont inévitables. Des contrôles plus ou moins précis, en fonction de la milice et de la ville que l’on traverse. Mais ce trajet révèle une grande différence avec la situation dans la capitale, une différence qui explique en partie la dernière vague de violences déclenchée le 27 août par la «Septième Brigade» de Tarhouna, une ville à 60 km au sud-est de Tripoli.

Citoyens ou miliciens

Dans toutes les villes petites ou moyennes, les milices sont essentiellement des citoyens: des hommes en armes qui défendent leur propre communauté. À Tripoli, ces groupes sont surtout des bandes armées nées suite à la révolution de 2011. Les milliers d’armes en circulation après la chute de Kadhafi ont permis la création de milices dont les chefs gagnent de l’argent ou propagent une croyance religieuse, sans parler des groupes terroristes comme Ansar Al Sharia ou l’organisation État islamique qui, pour le moment, font profil bas.

Dans cette période de confusion, personne dans la capitale ne parle librement. Un député accepte de le faire sous couvert d’anonymat: «Ce qui s’est passé depuis des mois, c’est que les principales milices de Tripoli avaient pris trop de pouvoir. Elles étranglaient le premier ministre pour obtenir des millions et des millions de dinars.» Dans ces conditions, Fayez el-Sarraj, ce même premier ministre, était incapable de gouverner ne fût-ce que Tripoli. Le récent soulèvement a été déclenché par d’autres milices «provinciales» qui protestaient contre cette «corruption». Mais elles aussi souhaiteraient avoir leur part du gâteau dans le budget de l’État libyen.

Mystérieux missile

Dans le hall central de l’hôtel Waddan, il n’y a pas trace du missile qui a explosé au quatrième étage il y a quelques jours. Tout le monde pense que le projectile était dirigé contre l’ambassade italienne rattachée au complexe hôtelier, séparée seulement par une petite route. Après la révolution, les diplomates italiens ont dormi durant plusieurs mois au Waddan, traversant la route pour travailler. «Il n’y a pas que le maréchal Haftar (l’homme fort de l’est de la Libye et rival du gouvernement de Tripoli, ndlr) qui aurait voulu lancer ce missile», dit un expert italien de la sécurité, «il y a aussi des milices qui défient le premier ministre Serraj, comme s’il était responsable de tous les problèmes d’un gouvernement incapable d’agir.» Il y a donc des groupes armés qui voient l’Italie comme trop encline à défendre un système et un président qui n’offrent pas de réponses à la population.

À quelques dizaines de mètres du Waddan et de l’ambassade se trouve un complexe super-blindé entouré de blocs de béton armé. C’est l’une des bases de la «Brigade des révolutionnaires de Tripoli», la milice de Hajtam Tajuri. Ce capitaine de la police est l’un des seigneurs locaux qui ont fait du chantage au premier ministre. Quand un soir ce dernier a reporté un rendez-vous avec Tajuri, le capitaine a ordonné le lendemain à ses hommes de se présenter devant le palais de Serraj, d’en ôter les portes et de les emmener après avoir chassé la faible garde officielle que personne désormais ne respecte plus.

À Tripoli, les milices pullulent. Au sud de la ville, on s’observe à bonne distance entre les checkpoints ennemis. Les bâtiments sont noircis et éventrés par des impacts d’obus tirés sans aucun égard pour les civils. Le cessez-le-feu résiste donc pour l’heure, mais il est très faible. Sur internet, la «Septième Brigade», celle qui a déclenché les derniers affrontements, a publié un avertissement: «D’autres milices nous ont attaqués après la trêve, nous avons dû répondre à ces agressions indiscriminées.» À l’ambassade d’Italie, les réunions s’enchaînent: si la trêve saute, elle devra être totalement évacuée.

LENA – Leading European Newspaper Alliance (TDG)

https://www.tdg.ch/monde/afrique/a-Trip ... y/15591164

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Re: Séparatisme et tensions tribales en Libye

Message par numidia »

Madjid-wahran a écrit :
09 septembre 2018, 20:57
.................
L'Algérie fait des petites incursions sur une zone tampon à la frontière et bien ce type devrait nous remercier de nettoyer un peu !!
Pion des émiratis et des égyptiens ....
je crois que pas seulement eux, selon le moment il change de "partenaire"
c'est un personnage qui s'est vendu tant de fois depuis la guerre tchado-libyenne
mais il reste vrai qu'il y a
3 constantes: Etats-Unis / Egypte / France
Pour renverser Kadhafi en 1978, les impérialistes américains et français ont déclenché une longue guerre du Tchad, alors sous le contrôle de l'un de leurs chiens les plus fidèles: Issen Habré.Haftar a dirigé les troupes libyennes. Avec le soutien de l'impérialisme, le Tchad a prolongé la guerre pendant dix ans, ce qui a fini par l'emporter en 1987. De nombreuses forces Les forces libyennes ont été capturées par l'impérialisme, y compris Haftar lui-même.

L'impérialisme ne s'intéressait pas à la défaite de Kadhafi dans la guerre; Ce qui était intéressant, c'était la guerre elle-même, qui ne finirait jamais. La CIA a tenté de la transformer en une guerre civile interne, de certains Libyens contre d’autres, pour lesquels, avec les prisonniers de guerre, elle a créé un Front de salut national.En échange de sa libération, il a obtenu le Haftar lui-même renié et mis à la tête de ce front fantomatique pour renverser Kadhafi par la force, menant 720 soldats qui se sont portés volontaires en échange de sa liberté (*).

Haftar et ses hommes ont été emmenés dans une base militaire de la CIA près de N'Djamena, capitale du Tchad, et de là à l'ancienne base militaire française Sinené Am, où ils ont reçu une formation de guérilla de 20 membres américains des forces spéciales. Pour cacher le fait que la CIA a déplacé les fils, ils leur ont donné l’armement soviétique acheté en Irak. L'argent du Front venait d'Arabie Saoudite et d'Egypte.
Après le début des premières batailles pour la « libération » des plans de l'impérialisme ont été déformés par le renversement de Habre barboteur aux mains d'Idriss Deby, qui a empêché l'utilisation du Tchad en tant que garde arrière pour attaquer Kadhafi.

La CIA a dû retirer précipitamment du Tchad les renégats libyens de Haftar dans un avion qui est parti avec une escale au Nigeria, puis au Zaïre et enfin aux Etats-Unis. Pour les services rendus, Haftar a obtenu la citoyenneté américaine et est resté au réfrigérateur en remplacement de Kadhafi pour une meilleure occasion. Il a installé sa résidence très près de Langley, en Virginie, juste devant le siège de la CIA.
traduction web
https://movimientopoliticoderesistencia ... libia.html
Chef de corps du corps expéditionnaire libyen de l'armée de Mouammar Kadhafi, il participe aux opérations visant à maintenir la présence illégale de la Libye sur la bande d'Aouzou, à la frontière tchado-libyenne. Le Tchad d'Hissène Habré, soutenu par la France et les États-Unis lors de l'opération Manta puis de l'opération Épervier, dirige 11 200 hommes contre 21 400 aux Libyens et à leurs alliés. Ces derniers sont battus le 13 avril 1987 au cours de la bataille de Ouadi Doum, et Khalifa Haftar est fait prisonnier à N'Djamena. Il demande finalement à rencontrer Hissane Habré et lui déclare qu'il est désormais opposé à Khadafi, ce qui lui permet d’être libéré avec la majorité des autres prisonniers. Soutenu par les États-Unis, il est dans les années 1980 le chef de la « Force Haftar » basée au Tchad. Constituée des quelque 2 000 Libyens capturés avec leur chef, ce groupe équipé par Washington était destiné à envahir la Libye pour renverser Kadhafi. Mais la Force Haftar dut être exfiltrée en urgence en 1990, à l'arrivée au pouvoir à N'Djamena d'Idriss Déby. Le nouvel homme fort tchadien était soumis à de fortes pressions de Kadhafi pour livrer le général renégat. Par ailleurs, la fin de la guerre froide rebat les cartes diplomatiques, la France souhaitant développer ses relations avec la Libye, rendant son renversement plus à l'ordre du jour4.

Les États-Unis organisèrent un pont aérien, avec escales au Nigeria et au Zaïre pour ses hommes ; il s'exila aux États-Unis, atterrissant à Washington le 20 décembre 19907. Les anciens soldats libyens bénéficient alors d'un programme destiné aux réfugiés (cours d'anglais, formation professionnelle et aide médicale) et sont répartis dans plusieurs États du pays. Khalifa Haftar s'installe à Vienna, près de Langley, le siège de la CIA8. Répondant à une interview en décembre 1991, il confirme que les anciens combattants libyens reçoivent un entraînement militaire régulier. En 1995, il publie un fascicule : Le changement en Libye, une vision politique du changement par la force4.

Il s'active, se déplaçant à Genève, Madrid ou encore Sofia, pour préparer un nouveau coup d'État contre Kadhafi9. Celui-ci doit avoir lieu le 19 octobre 1993 mais finalement, une vague d'arrestations lancée une semaine avant l'opération compromet le projet. Certains des conjurés sont exécutés ; deux des frères de Khalifa Haftar sont condamnés à 15 et 20 ans de prison4.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar
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